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Chapter 16 Scientific Revolution Thinkers

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NAME
INFO
Copernicus   Education: Poland & England, Rejected by Christianity, Inspired Galileo, On the Revolutions of the Heavanly Spheres-1543, Sun center of the universe - heliocentric, Rotation on axis = day  
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Brahe   Nobleman, 20 years of star/planet movement observations  
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Kepler   Raised to be Lutheran minister, became math/astronomy teacher, 3 laws of planetary motion  
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Galileo   Taught math, Condemned by Roman Inquisition, 1st to observe sky with telescope, "The Starry Messenger", "Duologue on the 2 Chief World Systems: Ptolemaic & Copernican", Sun center  
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Newton   From England, Studied and taught at Cambridge, Invented calculus, "Principia", Universal law of gravitation, 3 laws of motion  
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Galen   Greek physician (anatomy, physiology, diseases), Dissected animals, 2 blood systems, 4 humors need to be balanced,  
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Paracelsus   Ill-tempered, drunk, Diseases caused by chemical imbalances, Father of Modern Medicine  
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Andreas Vesalius   royal surgeon, "On the Fabric of the Human Body" - illustrated book on human dissection, All skeletons the same  
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William Harvey   Attended Cambridge, Physician of 2 kings, "On the Motion of the Heart and Blood", Heart start of blood flow, veins & arteries - same blood  
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Margaret Cavendish   Humans masters of nature through science, 1st woman to write publications "Observations upon Experimental Philosophy" "Grounds of Natural Philosophy"  
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Maria Merian   Entomologist, Learned illustration from father, "Metamorphosis of the Insects in Surinam", Researched development & reproduction  
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Maria Winkleman   Educated by father & uncle, Married Gottfried Kirch, Was denied position @ Berlin, Discovered a comet  
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querelles de femmes   Arguments on women, Men need to control them, easily swayed, Women say rational & can grow from education  
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Rene Descartes   In 30 years' war, Father of Modern Rationalism, Jesuit educatiobn, "Discourse on Method", Separation of mind over matter  
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Francis Bacon   lawyer, "The Great Instauration", Made scientific method, Correct generalizations through it  
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Benedict de Spinoza   Excommunicated by religion "Ethics Demonstrated in the Geometrical Manner", Ethics, Pantheism (monism), Only God completely free, God is universe  
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Blaise Pascal   Frech scientist & mathematician, tried to unite religion and science - failed, "Penses" (Thoughts)  
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