terms & definitions from Ch 4 - Tissues
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| -blast | cells that are actively producing the surrounding matrix
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| -cyte | related to or having to do with cells
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| Amitotic | when neurons act as communicating links, they lose ability to divide
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| anucleate | a cell without a nucleus
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| apical surface | upper free surface exposed to body surface, or cavity of internal organ
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| Avascular | Contains no blood vessels
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| Axons | Carries impulses away and is the conducting portion of a nerve cell.
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| basal surface | near the base interior of a structure
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| Cell body | Focal point and recieves information for neurons.
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| Chondro- | A prefix dealing with cartilage.
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| calcify/ossify | to harden like a bone
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| Dendrites | Motor neurons that convey incoming messages toward the cell body.
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| desmosomes | binding bodies, scattered like rivets along the sides of cells
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| Endocrine | Ductless glands that produce hormones and release directly
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| Exocrine | Glands with ducts that release their products through specific paths
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| extracellular matrix | Nonliving material in connective tissue
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| fibers | slinder, thread like structure and/or filament
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| Fibro- | A prefix dealing with connective tissue.
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| gap junctions | communicating junction betweeb adjacent cells
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| ground substance | non cellular components that contain fibers
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| Hematopoietic | The formation of a blood cell.
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| innervation | nerves being supplied to body parts
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| intercalated discs | cells that fit together tightly at special places
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| Involuntary | Something that can not be controlled.
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| Longevity | Can funtion optimally for a lifetime with good nutrition.
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| macrophages | Protective cell type
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| mast cells | Immune cells that detect foreign substances
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| Mesenchyme | Embryonic tissue that all connective tissues start out as
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| Microvilli | Extensions/folds that increase surface area
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| multinucleate | a cell with more than one nucleus
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| Myofilaments | Brings about movement in all cell types.
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| osteo- | related to bone
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| proteoglycans | proteins that are heavily glycosylated
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| Satellite Cells | Surround neuron cell bodies, resemble moons around a planet
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| Schwann cells | Surround and are vital to the regeneration of nerve fibers.
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| Secretion | process of making and releasing products (mostly protien)
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| Simple vs Stratified | Simple is a single layer; Stratified is multiple layers
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| striations | a repeating series of dark and light bands
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| tight junctions | series of integral protein molecules, cells fuse together
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| uninucleate | a cell with one nucleus
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| Vascularity | Pertaining to blood vessels.
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| Volutary | Something that can be controlled.
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| Anucleate | A cell without a nucleus
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| avascular | lacking blood vessels
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| Calcify/Ossify | To change into bone from another tissue type
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| chondro- | giving rise to cartilage
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| endocrine | secreting internally into the blood or lymph
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| exocrine | secreting to an epithelial surface
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| Extra cellular matrix | gel-like substances composed of proteins, carbs, fibers and liquid outside of cells
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| Fibers | Provide support to connective tissue
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| fibro- | refers to the formation of connective tissue proper
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| Ground Substance | molecular sieve that nutrients/dissolved substances can diffuse through between blood capillaries
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| hematopoietic | cell that gives rise to all formed elements of blood
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| Innervation | Supply of nerves to a body part
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| Intercalated Discs | Connections between cells containing gap and desmosomes junctions
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| involuntary | when mucles don’t move on there own
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| Macrophage | “big eaters” dispose of dead tissue cells, foreign molecules, bacteria, dust particles, ect.
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| Mast cells | along blood vessels and detect foreign microorganisms.
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| mesenchyme | cells of mesodermal orgin that are capable of developing into connective tissues, blood, and lymphatic and blood vessels.
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| microvilli | any of the small, fingerlike projections of the surface of an epithelia cell
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| Multinucleate | contains more than one nucleus within that cell
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| myofilaments | a general term for actin & myosin filaments
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| Osteo- | relating to bone
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| Proteoglycans | consists of a protein core that Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) connect to
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| secretion | A process by which substances are produced and discharged from a cell, gland, or organ for a particular function in an organism.
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| simple vs stratified | simple tissue has only one layer of cells, stratified has 2 to 20 or layers of cells the deepest layer attached to the basement membrane
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| Striations | Repeating serious of dark and light bands
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| Uninucleate | Has one nucleus
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| vascularity | the amount of blood in a certain place
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| voluntary | muscles only move (contract) when told to do so
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| - BLAST | a cell that is forming
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| - CYTE | a suffix meaning 'mature cell'
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| AMITOTIC | can't divide (go through mitosis)
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| ANUCLEATE | a cell without a nucleus
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| APICAL SURFACE | top surface that separates the cells interior from its surroundings
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| AVASCULAR | containing no direct blood input (Ex. Epithelium)
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| AXONS | a part of a neuron that carries electrical signals throughout the body
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| BASAL SURFACE | the surface near the base or interior of a structure
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| CALCIFY / OSSIFY | to make or become bony; harden by the deposit of calcium salts.
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| CELL BODY | major life center of a neuron that contains normal cell organelles and processes electrical signals to determine whether to pass it on or not
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| CHONDRO - | prefix that has to do with cartilage
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| DENDRITES | receive electrical impulses from other neurons
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| DESMOSOMES | cell junction composed of thickend plasma membranes joined by filaments
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| ENDOCRINE | ductless glands that empty products directly into the bloodstream
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| EXOCRINE | glands, with ducts, that carry products to a specific part of the body
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| EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX | ground substance and fibers found outside the connective tissue cells
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| FIBERS | provide suppport, three different types found in conncective tissue (reticular, collagen, elastic)
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| FIBRO - | prefix that has to do with connective tissue proper
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| GAP JUNCTIONS | passageway between two adjacent cells
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| GROUND SUBSTANCE | fills the space between fibers and cells; allows for diffusion of nutrients & waste
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| HEMATOPOIETIC | stem cells that will become blood cells
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| INNERVATION | supply of nerves to a body part
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| INTERCALATED DISCS | gaps connecting muscle cells out of the muscle lining of the heart (myocardium)
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| INVOLUNTARY | something that we do not consciously control (movement)
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| LONGEVITY | long lasting life
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| MACROPHAGES | these cells phagocytize a variety of materials; also known as "big eaters"
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| MAST CELLS | detect bacteria, fungi, and/or injuries and make inflammatory responses against them
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| MESENCHYME | the beginning tissue from which all connective tissues are derived
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| MICROVILLI | tiny projections which increase surface area to provide for absorption
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| MULTINUCLEATE | cell with more than one nucleus
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| MYOFILAMENTS | filaments found in muscles that bring about movement or contraction
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| OSTEO - | supports and provides levers for muscles and stores calcium
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| PROTEOGLYCANS | collects GAGs which trap water and form a semi-solid liquid or gel-like substance
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| SATELLITE CELLS | support, brace, and anchor neuron cell bodies in the PNS
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| SCHWANN CELLS | surround and insulate nerve fibers
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| SECRETION | the outward movement from a cell to the exterior
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| SIMPLE vs STRATIFIED | only one cell layer as opposed to two or more cell layers
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| STRIATIONS | alternating dark and light bands that are visible in certain muscle fibers
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| TIGHT JUNCTIONS | where plasma membranes of different cells are fused
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| UNINUCLEATE | cell with one nucleus
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| VASCULARITY | pertaining to the amount of blood vessels in tissue--a rich supply of blood vessels
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| VOLUNTARY | something that is controlled consciously (movement)
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