Renaissance: Discover, Reconaissance, Empire
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| Prince Henry the Navigator | (1394-1460) Spanish explorer who captured north African Muslim City of Ceuta in 1415. Brother of King of Portugal.
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| Bartholomeu Dias | (1450-1500) pioneered eastern Portuguese Empire. Rounded Cape of Good Hope (southern tip of Africa) in 1487.
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| Christopher Columbus | (1451-1506) Discovered the Americas. First arrived in eastern Bahamas, thinking it was the East Indies. Called the native americans, "Indians." Sailed for Spain, but was Portugeuse.
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| Amerigo Vespucci | (1451-1512) Explorer who America was named after. Spanish
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| Ferdinand Magellan | (1480-1521) Spanish. First crew to circumnavigate the globe. Died in Phillipines over meaningless scuffle.
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| Hernan Cortes | (1485-1547) Took over Aztec capital, Tenochtitlan. Formed alliances with Aztec enemies to topple to empire.
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| Moctezuma II | Aztec Emperor when Cortes came. Thought Cortes was the God, Quetazalcoatl, who was driven away centuries earlier, but promised to return. First tried to please Cortes with gold, but was killed when the capital was taken over.
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| Tenochtitlan | Aztec capital in present day Mexico City. Taken over by Hernan Cortes in 1521. Became "New Spain"
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| Francisco Pizarro | (c.1478-1547) Captured Cuzco, Incan capital. Fully took over the empire in 1570s.
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| Atahualpa | Incan ruler (1500-1533). Lured out by Pizarro and later killed in prison in 1533.
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| Bartolome de Las Casas | (1474-1566) a Dominican priest. Proclaimed conquest was unnecessary for conversion. Helped pass new royal regulations to protect Indians after 1500.
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| "Black Legend" | Belief that all Spanish treatment of Native Americans was unprincipled and inhumane.
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| Conquistadores | "conquerors" Spanish explorers like Francisco Pizarro and Hernan Cortes.
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| Hacienda | a large estate where laborers were legal subjects of their owners.
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| peninsulares | Person born in Spain
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| creoles | Person of Spanish decent, but born in Americas
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| Components of Colonial Economy | Mining, agriculture, urban services, occupations, and shipping, and labor servitude.
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| encomienda | formal grant of the right to labor of a specific amount of indians for a particular amount of time.
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| repartimlento | required adult male indians to devote a certain number of days of labor annually to Spanish economic enterprises.
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| debt peonage | free indian laborers purchased goods from land or mine owner, in which they became indebted to
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| effects of disease | spanish conquest was able to pursue mainly because of the large amounts of native americans who died from European diseases they weren't immune to. The population decreased from 25 million to 2 milllion.
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| effects on Europe | the discovery of the Americas lead to the printing press. influx of spices and metals increasd prices and inflation, but wages and rents didn't rise. New wealth allowed new research. Capitalism began. Social strife sparked reformation.
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