| Question | Answer |
| Iron Triangle | Relationship b/w agency, congressional committee, & IG
<br>-Client politics |
| Marginal Districts | When Cong. candidates receives less than 55% of vote |
| Representational View | Members please constituents to get reelected |
| Attitudinal View | So many conflicting pressures from constituents that member can vote whatever |
| Organizational View | Don't need to please constituents b/c votes on issues not public |
| Whip | -Member of Senate
<br>-Keeps party leader informed
<br>-Counts votes on issues |
| Necessary and Proper Clause | Marshall: actions by COng. not specifically in Const okay if "in spirit" |
| Public vs. Private Bill | Public: public affairs
<br>Private: specific person
<br> -Not many today |
| Simple & Concurrent Resolutions | Procedural rules for Congress
<br>-Not laws
<br>-Not signed by pres |
| Joint Resolution | Law that requires both houses' approvals and signature of Pres |
| Closed vs. Open Rule | Closed: limited debate time; no amendments
<br>Open: no debate limit; amendments |
| Party Polarization | Majority of Demos in Cong opposed majority of Repubs |
| Quorom | Minimum # of members that must be present to do business |
| Double-tracking | Disputed bill put on hold during filibuster to con't business |
| Material Incentive | Material benefits for joining IG |
| Purposive Incentive | Appeal of stated goals causes to join IG |
| The Union Movement | -Started in 1930s
<br>-Union membership began to fall
<br>-Unions of gov't workers growing |
| Membership Incentive | People join IG b/c they support cause; no reward |
| Institutional Interest Groups | IG's that represent other institutions
<br>-Usually businesses |
| Solidarity Incentive | Sense of companionship for joining IG |
