| Term | Definition |
| (Cold War) Truman Doctrine | US giving money to any country threatened by communism so they stay democratic |
| (Cold War) Marshall Plan | Economic aid from the US offered to everyone in Europe (even Soviets) |
| (Cold War) COMECON | -Response to Marshall Plan
-Soviets giving aid to other Communist countries |
| (Cold War) Buffer States | -States that protect another state
-Soviet Union had a lot of them |
| (Cold War) Potsdam Conference | - Clash of views between USSR & US
- US showed Soviets A-Bomb & Lend Lease to show off
- Soviets didn't care but both had issues over Poland
- US wanted free elections but Soviets wanted buffers |
| (Cold War) Iron Curtain | - Said in speech by Churchill
- Refers to division between East & West Europe |
| (Cold War) Containment | - Result of the Cold War
- George Kennan said that if Soviets aren't stopped, they will take over everything
- US challenges Soviets at everything
- Results in Korean War, Vietnam War, & Cuban Missile Crisis |
| (Cold War) Cuban Missile Crisis | - US tried to get rid of Fidel Castro
- He knew this so asked Soviets to plant secret missiles in Cuba
- Height of Cold War but deescalates after US promises to leave Cuba alone, so Soviets leave |
| (Cold War) Berlin Crisis (1948-49) | - Berlin surrendered to soviets in 1945
- Berlin gets divided into many territories
- Allies merge areas
- Blockade of Berlin in 1948 resulted US to deliver supplies to Berlin for 11 months |
| (Cold War) NATO | US military aid |
| (Cold War) Warsaw Pact | Soviets' military aid that challenges NATO |
| (Cold War) Nikita Khrushchev | - Became USSR leader after Stalin's death
- Secret speech in 1956 to destalinize the USSR by removing censorship, reducing secret police power, & reduce labor camps
- Speech was leaked, resulting in Hungarian Rising |
| (Cold War) Destalinization | - Process done by Khrushchev to change the way Stalin ran USSR
- Censorship lifted
- Reducing power of secret police
- Less labor camps |
| (Cold War) Hungarian Rising (1956) | - Happened after Khrushchev's speech is leaked
- Crushed by Soviets |
| (Cold War) Berlin Wall | - Built around Berlin in 1962
- 96 mile wall to divide Europe
- Symbol of divided Europe & soviet oppression
- Associated with JFK |
| (Cold War) JFK Speech (1963) | - Stood in front of Berlin wall to say speech
- Supports West Berlin & West Europe by saying he's one of them |
| (Cold War) Prague Spring | Protest in Czechoslovakia that was crushed |
| (Cold War) Detente | US & Soviets' relationship was referred to as this since they were negotiating & there weren't any major conflicts |
| (Cold War) Ronald Reagan | - Elected US president after JFK
- Decides to outspend Soviets by putting money into military & other things
- Borrows lots of money |
| (Cold War) Mikhail Gorbachev | - New Soviet leader
- Realized soviets had to change their policies to survive
- Implemented Peretroika: let a bit of capitalism
- Implemented Glasnot: more freedom |
| (Cold War) Perestroika | Restructuralization of the USSR; let a bit of capitalism in |
| (Cold War) Glasnot | -Openness
-More freedom
- Party could be criticized
- New work allowed |
| (Cold War) Berlin Wall Collapse (1989) | USSR Satellite states had to fall because they were bankrupt, Berlin Wall included |
| (Cold War) Soviet Union Collapse (1991) | - Countries taken over by Soviets take independence
- Soviet Union collapses |
| (Cont. Eur.) Cradle to Grave | Welfare program that guarantees the state will take care of you from when you are born until you die |
| (Cont. Eur.) National Insurance Act (1946) | - Pays people unemployment, maternity, widow, pension benefits, etc.
- Provides money & housing while looking for jobs |
| (Cont. Eur.) National Health Service Act (1946) | Free medicine for everyone |
| (Cont. Eur.) Palestine | -British controlled area after Ottoman collapse
- Brits give some of it to Jews (States of Israel) |
| (Cont. Eur.) Balfour Declaration (1917) | - Supported idea of home for Jews
- Nazism brings Jewish settlers to Palestine
- After holocaust, more people go there
- UN sees this, so they divide Palestine into Jewish & Arab states in 1947
- Palestinians not happy |
| (Cont. Eur.) Israel (1948) | - Israel becomes independent state
- Prevails & gains more territory |
| (Cont. Eur.) Refugees | 700k Palestinian refugees flee land after Israelis take over, now 3 million |
| (Cont. Eur.) Yugoslavia | - Fake state made after 1919, made lots of ethnic groups (Croats, Serbians, Bosnian Muslims)
- Communist Tito keeps them together but fall of Soviets result in war |
| (Cont. Eur.) Kosovo | - Serbian army clashes with Albanian Kosovo Liberation Army
- Ethnic cleansing again
- NATO intervenes to stop fighting & protect Albanians |
| (Cont. Eur.) Serbians | Serbian army ethnic cleansing Bosnians & Albanians |
| (Cont. Eur.) Bosnian Muslims | - Serbians invade in 1992
- Ethnic cleansing to kill Bosnian Muslim population
- 100k-200k killed
- NATO gets involved & bombs Serbian positions |
| (Cont. Eur.) Ethnic Cleansing | - Military clashes between Serbia & Croatia
- Happens most in Bosnia & Kosovo |
| (Cont. Eur.) War Crimes | Srebenica Massacre (mass killings of Bosnian Muslims) considered international war crime from UN |
| (Cont. Eur.) Simone de Beauvoir | - Most important person regarding feminism in Europe
- Wrote "The Second Sex"
- Book about how society is created & dominated by males; females have to judge themselves against males & are second class citizens of society |
| (Cont. Eur.) Margaret Thatcher | - British prime minister
- Iron Lady is nickname
- Conservative, powerful, controversial
- Shows how women have greater opportunities since she was able to be prime minister |
| (Cont. Eur.) European Coal & Steal Community | - Formed by 6 countries
- No tariffs in economic market
- Super successful |
| (Cont. Eur.) European Community | - Economic Union expands in 1973
- Renamed European Community
- Economic integration going well so international collaboration is possible |
| (Cont. Eur.) European Union | - EC renames into European Union in 1994
- Creates Euro as the common currency & a central bank
- Successful but problems
- Brits want to leave & most likely won't be able to join back again |
| (Cont. Eur.) EURO | Common currency created within the European Union |
| (Cont. Eur.) Brexit | Brits leaving the European Union |
| (Cont. Eur.) Migration | Waves of migrant workers came to Europe in the 1950s, resulting in anti-immigrant agitation, & nationalistic political parties |
| (Cont. Eur.) French National Front | Far right extremeism, nationalism, controlling immigration, xenophobia, & antisemitism |
| (Cont. Eur.) British National Front | Similar to French National Front but are even more extreme & cause lots of violence |
| (Cont. Eur.) Birth Control Pills | Womens' status of homemakers changed due to birth control pills created in the 1960s |
| (Cont. Eur.) Stem Cell Research | Sparked ethical & religious issues |
| (Cont. Eur.) Television/Internet | "I Love Lucy" popular in Europe & Asia |
| (Cont. Eur.) Green Parties | - European reach all over the world
- Political party believing in policies helping the environment
- Germany has most Green Party members |
| (Cont. Eur.) James Joyce | - Wrote "Ulysses" in 1922
- Invented grammar structure, words, etc.
- New & challenging, changing everything in the English language |
| (Cont. Eur.) Bauhaus | - Architecture & design school
- Functionalism rather than aestheticism
- Design for reality & everyday life
- Impacts designs from here on out |
| (Cont. Eur.) Destruction of Guernica (1937) | - By Picasso
- Guernica town in Spain being attacked by Germany
- Black & White piece of artwork that is huge
- Cubist, overpowering
- Shows destruction & horrors of war in a new kind of style
- Doesn't celebrate victory |
