| Question | Answer |
| how many bones in the vertebral column | 26 bones, divided into 5 regions |
| Cervical | c1-c7 |
| Thoracic | t1-t12 |
| lumbar | l1 - l5 |
| coccyx | tail bone |
| intervertebral discs | cushions between discs |
| Scoliosis | abnormal lateral curve |
| Kyphosis | hunchback caused by exaggerated thoracic curve |
| Lordosis | esaggerated lumbar curve "sway back" |
| Cranium | protects brain |
| frontal | front of skull |
| how many facial bones | 14 |
| Long bone of upper arm | Humerus |
| Shoulder Blades | scapulae |
| collarbone | clavicle |
| tendon of the shoulder | rotator cuff |
| rotator cuff tear | overuse |
| separation | dislocation of AC joint |
| dislocation | completely out of joint |
| subluxation | incomplete dislocation |
| articulations | hinge joint |
| bones in the arm | humerus, ulna and radius |
| triceps brachii | single muscle that extends elbow and forearm |
| radius is on what side | thumb side |
| ulna is on what side | little finger side |
| Shoulder and arm are called what kind of joint | gliding joint |
| Ganglion cyst is filled with what | fluid |
| CTS Carpal tunnel syndrome | develops on front of wirst due to inflammation and swelling of tendon sheaths |
| Stenosing tenosynovitis | is inflammation of the synovial sheaths on the back of the wrist tht causes pressure to develope under the retinaculum |
| Phalanges are | fingers 14 bones in finger and thumb |
| carpals | connect wrist to metacarpals 8 bones |
| metacarpals | bones proximal to phalanges, middle |
| OA | Osteoarthritis, wear and tear |
| RA | Rheumatoid arthritis destruction of joints |
| JRA | juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in children usually outgrows children under 17 |
| Dupuytren contracture | thickening and shortening of fibrous bands in the palm of the hand |
| flexor tendon injury | results from lacerations |
| fasciectomy | surgical removal of hypertrophied connective tissue |
| tendon reconstruction | stitches the two ends of a lacerated tendon back together |
| Arthrodesis | surgical fixation of a joint to prevent motion |
| arthroplasty | complete replacement of a damaged finger joint |
| reattachment | amputated fingers is performed |
| functions of pelvic griddle | supports axial skeletontransmit weight to lower limbs attaches lower limbs protects organs |
| os coax | hip bone |
| os coax, hip bone, consists of 3 bones | ilium, ischium, and pubis |
| cup shaped cavity of the hip | acetabulum |
| Thigh bone | Femur |
| SI (sacroiliac) joint strain | causes lower back pain |
| Diastasis symphysis pubis | stretching of pelvic ligaments |
| R.I.C.E. | rest, ice, compression, elavation |
| Hip joint is what kind of socket | ball and socket |
| arthrocentesis | aspiration of fluid from the hip joint |
| The knee is a hinged joint connecting what 4 bones | Femur which is the thigh bone Tibia which is the lower calf bone Patella knee cap fibula smaller lower calf bone |
| Quadricep, Hamstring, and Popliteal fossa are all muscles from what area | thigh |
| ACL | most common knee injury |
| Meniscus Injury | results from knee twisting |
| Chondromalacia patella | runner's knee |
| Talus articulates with tibia to form what joint | ankle |
| Four componets of skeletal system | bones, cartilage, tendons, ligaments |
| components of the skeletal system provide what | support, protection, movement, blood formation, mineral storage and balance, detoxification |
| Bone growth factors | genes, nutrition, exercise, mineral depositoin, mineral resporption, vitamins, hormones |
| Healing process of fractures | blood vessels provide blood and bleed into fracture site, osteoblasts for callus, cancellous replaces the callus, osteoblasts produce bone which fuses bone segments |
| external manipulation | monuver outside of the skin |
| reduction | bone pulled from distal end back into alignment |
| external fixation uses | cast/splints/ traction |
| internal fixation used | screws/pinsrods/plates |
| closed fracture | skin is not broken |
| open fracture | skin is broken |
| displaced fracture | bone is not alligned |
| complete fracture | bone is in at least two complete fragments |
| greenstick fracture | bone bends and breaks on 1 side (sliver) |
| Fibrous joint class | 2 bones tightly bonded together Sutures=skull |
| cartilaginous | synchondroses-ribs |
| Synovial joint | contain synovial fluid- arms and leg |
| Rotation movement | to turn on axis |
| Flextion | bending |
| extension | straightening |
| abduction | away for midline |
| adduction | toward midline |
| prone | flat on your belly |
| supine | flat on your back |
| pronation | palms facing floor |
| Osteoarthritis | breakdown and destruction of joint cartilage |
| RA | rheumatoid arthritis inflammatory disease |
| Bursitis | inflammation of bursa |
| function of skeletal muscle | movement, posture, body heat, respiration, communication |
| Fascicles | bundles of muscle fibers -strained muscles |
| hypertrophy | increase in size but not number of muscle fibers |
| atrophy | diminished size of muscle tissue or organ - usually from nonuse |
| muscle strains | simple stretch in muscle or tendon |
| sprain | stretch or tear of a ligament, anle, knee or wrist. |
| fibromyalgia | pain in muscle fibers |
| myasthenia gravis | chronic autoimmune disease |
| muscular dystrophy | hereditary, progressive disorders affecting skeletal muscles. |
| tenosynovitis | inflammation of the sheath that surrounds a tendon -usually repetitive use |
| rhabdmyolysis | breakdown of muscle fibers |
| most common type of bone | long bones |
| DIAPHYSIS | the shaft of the log bone |
| epephysis | end of the bone |
| metaphysic | between the diaphysis and epephysis |
| periosteum | covers the outer surface of all bones |
| osteoblasts | build bone |
| matrix | cells, collagen, gel, calcium |
| osteoclast | Crushes and dissolves bones |
| most common type of bone | long bones |
| DIAPHYSIS | THE SHAFT Of the log bone |
| epephysis | end of the bone |
| metaphysic | between the diaphysis and epephysis |
| periosteum | covers the outer surface of all bones |
| osteoblasts | build bone |
| matrix | cells, collagen, gel, calcium |
| osteoclast | crushes and dissolves bones |
| osteoporosis | when osteoclasts outperforms osteoblasts |
| marrow | fatty blood forming tissue in the medullary cavity |
| osteomyelitis | inflammation of the bone due to infection |
| osteomalacia | vitamin d deficiency rickets in chidren |
| anchondroplasia | long bones stop growing in childhood |
| osteogenic sarcoma | most common malignant bone tumer between 10 - 15 years |
| osteogensis imperfecta | genetic disorder producing very brittle bones tht are easily fractured often in utero |
| 4 classes of bones | long, short, flat, ilregular |
