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Government Test 9

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Created by: OliviaRoark

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Question	Answer
Define One-Party System.	Only one political party has the right to form the government.
Define Two-Party System.	A system of government in which two political parties compete for control of the government.
Define Multi-Party System.	A system of government in which several political parties compete for control of the government.
Define Independent.	A politician not affiliated with any political party or bureaucratic association.
Define Third Party.	Any political party in a two-party system besides the two major ones.
Define Splinter Party.	A political party formed by members of an existing one whose views or policies differ from those of the majority.
Define Ideological Party.	A group of people who are committed to a different cause other than the mainstream political parties. Based on a particular set of beliefs. Most are around for a long time.
Define Single-Issue Party.	A political party that campaigns on only one issue. -Most have faded as the major parties adopt their issue.
Define Economic Protest Party.	Parties whose members are united by anger over economic hard times and dislike for the major parties.
Define Political Party.	An organization that coordinates candidates to compete in a particular country's elections.
Define Major Party.	A political party that holds substantial influence in a country's politics.
Define Minor Party.	A political party that plays a smaller role than a major party in a country's politics and elections.
Define Coalition.	A temporary alliance of political parties formed for political purposes.
Define Consensus.	A general agreement.
Define Split-Ticket Voting.	Vote for candidates of more than one party.
Define Straight-Ticket Voting.	The practice of voting for every candidate that a political party has on a general election ballot.
Define Party Machine.	The internal organization of a political party, which decides its policies and directs its activities.
Define Patronage.	The support, encouragement, privilege, or financial aid that an organization or individual bestows on another.
What are the main functions of political parties?	1.) Nominating Function. 2.) Informer-Stimulator Function. 3.) Seal of Approval. 4.) Governmental Funciton. 5.) Watchdog.
Describe what the nominating function is for a political party.	The major function of parties. -Includes: Caucus, Convention, Primary Elections. -Select and Present Candidates to voters. -Parties are the best device to recruit and choose candidates. -Exclusively a party function.
Describe what the Informer-Stimulator function is for a political party.	Informs the public about their candidate. Stimulates interest in their candidate. -Campaigning, talking stands, criticizing the opposition.
Describe what the Seal of Approval function is for a political party.	Insure the good performance of candidates. -Make sure candidates are qualified and of good character. -Prompts candidates to be successful or they may suffer in future elections.
Describe what the Governmental function is for a political party.	Party members run the government. -They hold offices and pass laws.
Describe what the Watchdog function is for a political party.	Watch the conduct of the other party. -Usually the minority party plays watchdog. -Criticizes the conduct of other party. -Promotes competition.
What are the reasons for a two-party system?	1.) Historical Basis. 2.) Tradition. 3.) Electoral System. 4.) American Idealogical Consensus.
Why is the historical basis a reason for a two-party system?	America began this way with the debate over the ratification of the Constitution. -Federalists and Anti-Federalists.
Why is the tradition a reason for a two-party system?	We are creatures of habit, not likely to change.
Why is the the electoral system a reason for a two-party system?	Single member district elections are winner to take all. -They discourage minor parties, really only 2 choice for office (incumbent and candidate with best chance of winning). -Election laws are written to discourage minor parties.
Why is the American ideological consensus a reason for a two-party system?	Americans share many of the same basic principles.
What is the left of the political spectrum? The right?	Liberals. -Conservatives.
Where do most Americans land on the political spectrum?	Somewhere in the middle.
What are the types of minor parties?	1.) Ideological parties. 2.) Single Issue Parties. 3.) Economic Protest Parties 4.) Splinter Parties.
Give some examples of ideological parties. How do they reach their goals?	Socialist party, communism, libertarian. -Endorse candidates.
Give some examples of single-issue parties.	Free soilers (opposed the spread of slavery), Know Nothings (opposed Irish-Catholic Immigration), Right to Life (opposed to abortion), and Prohibition (opposed to alcohol),
Give some examples of an economic protest party. When do they disappear?	Greenback, Populists. -Usually fade away when nation climbs out of the difficult economic period.
Give some examples splinter parties. Are they helpful to the larger party?	Bull Moose, Dixiecrats, American Independent Party. -They split their votes with one of the major party so the opposing major party wins the election.
What was the Bull Moose Party?	Taft vs. Teddy Roosevelt. Roosevelt formed the Bull Moose Party.
What was the first one-party domination?	1800-1860: The ERa of the Democrats. -Supported by small farmers, debtors, pioneers, and slaveholders. -Won 13/15 presidential elections. -Ended with the election of Abraham Lincoln and Civil War.
What was the second one-party domination?	1860-1932: Era of the Republicans. -Supported by business men and financial interests, Northern Farmers, laborers, and freed African Americans. -Won 14/18 presidential elections. -Ended with the Great Depression and election of FDR.
What was the third one-party domination?	1932-1968: Return of Democrats. -Supported by southerners, small farmers, organized labor, minorities, and big-city political organizations. -Won 7/9 elections.
What was is the current party domination?	1968-Present: New Era of Shared Power. Neither power can dominate. -Usually one party won the presidency while the other controlled Congress.
What are the reasons for decline for political parties?	1.) Drop in # of people willing to identify themselves as Democrat or Republican. 2.) More split-ticket voting. 3.) Changes in technology. 4.) Growth of PAC's.
Typical Democrat?	-Less income. -Younger. -Female. -Minorities (in race). -Blue Collar, Unions. -Northeast, Cities. -Catholic.
Typical Republican?	-More income. -Gender/Race: None. -Older. -White Collar. -Plain States. -Protestants.
What is the difference between a third-party candidate and an independent candidate?	A third party candidate is a member of a political party, they are just not part of one of the major parties. Independents aren’t affiliated with any political party.
What sets political parties apart from one another?	Their ideology.
What is the political spectrum?	The difference in political views held by the different political parties. -The continuum of social and political beliefs that stretches from conservative on the right, to liberal on the left.
On the political spectrum, the __________ Party is considered liberal and the _________ Party is considered conservative.	Democratic. -Republican
Liberals generally support...	Government action to change social, political, or economic policies that are believed to be unfair.
Conservatives generally support...	Limited government, lower taxes, and traditional social values.
True or false: Party members may not always be consistently liberal or conservative in their views.	True.
What is the nomination proccess?	The process of naming candidates for elective office.
Parties may also...	-Create a "name" for themselves. -Educate voters on the issues and their stance. -Help the electorate.
Define the electorate.	The body of people entitled to vote.
People appointed to positions in the executive and judicial branches are usually members of the...	President’s party.
What's the difference between a political party and an interest group?	-Political parties participate in the government. -Political parties usually address a lot of issues, whereas interest groups usually only support one issue.
True or false: Generally, the more parties there are, the larger the role and influence of any particular party.	False. The more political parties there are, the smaller the role and influence of any particular party.
True or false: Other parties may exist in a two-party system.	True. However, their influence is typically much smaller.
What are the most common party systems?	Multi-Party.
What is one of the negatives of a multi-party system?	No stability.
When did political parties first start to form?	Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists.
What were the first official political parties?	Federalists vs. Democratic-Republicans.
Members of the Federalist party were supporters of...	Alexander Hamilton.
Members of the Democratic-Republican party were led by...	James Madison and Thomas Jefferson.
Political parties were also once called ______.	Factions.
Define Precinct.	The smallest unit of area for administering elections and local voting.
Define Ward.	A voting district made up of several precincts.
Each state party is run by a...	Central committee made up of representatives from the party’s county committees.
The national party of each major party is headed by a...	National committee of members from its state parties.
Benefits of political parties?	-Keeps out extreme or unconventional ideas. -Provide stability. -Help provide a name to make it easier for voters to decide. -No extreme changes in power.
Criticism of political parties?	-Can't fulfill all campaign promises. -PAC's prevent politicians from putting citizens at top priority. -Filled with people who only care about themselves. -Bickering between parties.