| Question | Answer |
| Epidermis? | - consists of " keratanized", stratified squamous epithelial cells.
- composed of 5 layers of bed sheets. (stratum basale,spinosum,granulosum,lucidum and corneum)
- Avascular (no blood supply) |
| Sebum (substance made by the Sebaceous gland) ? | - sebum keeps the skin soft and lubricated.
- sebum is a mixture of oily substances and fragmented cells.
- sebum contains chemicals that kill bacteria. |
| Dermis? | - acts like a bandaid for the skin (protects organs)
- has loose connective tissue and fold dermal papilla act to increase surface area.
- has reticular areas, varies in thickness ( thick in the palms of hands and soles of feet but thin on the eyel |
| Hair Root Plexus? | - network of neurons in the hair. |
| Stratum Granulosum? | - dead cells packed with pigment cells (Melanin) |
| Functions of the Integumentary System? | - external body covering.
- keeps water and other molecules in the body.
- protective
- insulates and cushions the deeper body organs.
- protects from bumps and cuts, chemical damage, ultraviolet radiation and bacteria. |
| Sweat glands? | - 2 types of sweat glands (Eccrine and Apocrine)
- more than 2.5 million per person. |
| reticular layer in the dermis? | - deepest skin layer (contains blood vessels, sweat and oil glands)
- contain deep pressure receptors ( Pacinian Corpuscles)
- Phagocytes are found here which help prevent bacteria from entering the body.
- collagen and elastic fibers are found h |
| Merkel? | - sensory and neuron cells |
| Hypodermis? | - mostly fat cells.
- nucleus is pushed to the side. |
| Sebaceous Gland (exocrine glands) ? | - secretes oily substances, contain sebum=grease
- reside in the dermis.
- found all over the skin, except on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.
- ducts empty into hair follicles. |
| Melanocytes? | - cells that make melanin |
| Pacinian Corpuscle? | - covered with connective tissue, deeper in the body.
- pressure receptor |
| Arrector Pili Muscle? | - gives us goosebumps, controlled by ANS. |
| papillary layer in the dermis? | - upper dermal region has projections called dermal papillae.
- contain capillary loops which furnish nutrients to the epidermis.
- house pain receptors ( free nerve endings) and touch receptors ( meissners corpuscles) |
| Stratum Spinosum (spiky) ? | - biggest layer of cells.
- contain intermediate filaments, most cells are dead.
- become flat and keratanized until they die and become the stratum lucidum. |
| Keratinocytes? | - packed with protein |
| How does tanning occur? | - when skin is exposed to sunlight this causes the melanocytes to produce melanin which gives the body a tan. |
| Stratum Corneum? | - top most layer (dead cells)
- 20-30 cell layers thick
- dead cell remnants cornified or corny cells (cornu= horn) are filled with Keratin.
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| What is dandruff? What layer is responsible for dandruff? | - the stratum corneum rubs and flakes slowly which is dandruff.
- average person sheds 40lb of flakes in a lifetime.
- new cells are replaced by the stratum basale in 25 to 45 days. |
| How is Melanin produced? | - pigment that ranges in color.
- produced by cells called melanocytes, found in the stratum basale. |
| Stratum Basale (deepest layer of the Epidermis) ? | - Stratum Basale, contains epidermal cells that receive nourishment through diffusion of nutrients from the dermis.
- constantly dividing by mitosis.
- contains live cells.
- alternate name " stratum germinativum" means germinating layer. |
| Aprocrine glands? | - sweat gland, found in the axillary and genital areas.
- larger than eccrine glands, ducts release into hair follicles.
- secretion contains fatty acids and proteins and all substances present in eccrine glands. |
| Langerhans Cells? | - dendritic cells |
| what is on the uppermost layer of the skin, which helps prevent water loss from the body surface? | - Keratin (tough protein helps to provide a durable overcoat for the body, protects deeper cells from the hostile environment) |
| Stratum Lucidum? | - dead cells
- found in hairless, thick skin (palms of hands and soles of feet)
- |
| Eccrine glands? | - sweat gland that releases to the skin through a duct/pore.
- found all over body
- produces sweat, a clear secretion containing (water, salts, vit c, traces of metabolic wastes, and lactic acid)
- sweat is acidic and inhibits growth of bacteria |
| What plays an important role in regulating heat loss from the body surface? | - the skin's capillary network and sweat glands (both controlled by the nervous system) |
| what alerts us to bumps and presence of tissue damaging factors as well as to the feel of wind in our hair and caress? | - Cutaneous Sensory Receptors ( part of the nervous system))
- located in the skin. |
| Meissners Corpuscle? | - superficial in the body
- touch receptor |
| What type of cells are in the Epidermis? | - Keratinocytes ( keratin cells) are cells that produce keratin, fibrous protein that makes the epidermis a tough protective layer. |
| What aids in maintaining body temperature in the dermis? | - blood vessels |
