| Term | Definition |
| Agrarian Movement | Thomas Jefferson
focus on farms and agricultural way of life |
| Laissez Faire Movement | Adam Smith
focus on free market economy |
| Public Health Movement | response to poor living conditions in cities |
| Garden City Movement | Ebenezer Howard
self-contained communities surrounded by greenbelts |
| City Beautiful Movement | Daniel Burnham
stressed order, balance, dignity, harmony, and neo-classical architecture
incorporated civic improvements, parks, tree-lined boulevards, and public art into city design |
| Radiant City Movement | Le Corbusier
modern skyscrapers surrounded by parks |
| City Humane Movement | FDR - New Deal
Works Progress Administration |
| New Town Movement | full scale, self-contained towns
features class integration and neighborhood unit principle
Examples: Reston, VA and Columbia, MD |
| City Functional Movement | military/federal
rigid structure |
| Suburbanization | "White Flight" - escape from cities |
| New Urbanism | Andres Duany
focus on mixed use, walkable communities
Example: Seaside, FL |
| Smart Growth/Sustainability | seeks to address problems caused by low-density development (such as threatened farmland, open space, increased public service costs, sprawl, and degradation of the environment) |
