| Question | Answer |
| led an expedition to find a route through the Rocky Mountains. | Jedediah Smith |
| a fur trapper or explorer who opened up the West by finding the best trails through the Rocky Mountains. | Mountain Man |
| famous rugged loners. | Jim Beckwourth |
| a person who buys huge areas of land for a low price and then sells off small sections of it at high prices. | land speculator |
| a trail that began in Missouri and ended in Santa Fe, New Mexico. | Santa Fe Trail |
| a trail that ran westward from Independence, Missouri, to the Oregon Territory. | Oregon Trial |
| a member of a church founded by Joseph Smith in 1830. | Mormon |
| Mormon leader after Joseph Smith was killed. Led his people to Utah. | Brigham Young |
| helped fulfill his father’s dream by establishing an American colony in Texas. | Stephen Austin |
| people of Spanish heritage who consider Texas their home. | Tejano |
| the Mexican president during the Texas revolt against Mexico in 1833. | Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna |
| commander of the Texas army during the fight for the Alamo. | Sam Houston |
| head of a company of 183 volunteers that fought at the Alamo. | William Travis |
| leader of a band of 25 Tejanos in support of the revolt at the Alamo. | Juan Seguine |
| In 1836 Texans defended a church called The Alamo against the Mexican army; all but five Texans were killed. | Battle of the Alamo |
| the nickname of the republic of Texas, given in 1836. | Lone Star Republic |
| the 11th president of the United States. | James K. Polk |
| the belief that the United States was destined to stretch across the continent from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. | manifest destiny |
| general of US troops under President Polk. Stationed troops on the Northern Bank of the Rio Grande. | Zachary Taylor |
| the 1846 rebellion by Americans against Mexican rule in California. | Bear Flag Revolt |
| US general who took Mexico City in 1847. | Winfield Scott |
| the 1848 treaty ending the U. S. war with Mexico; Mexico ceded nearly one-half of its land to the United States. | Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo |
| a vast region given up by Mexico after the War with Mexico; it included the present-day states of California, Nevada, Utah, most of Arizona, and parts of New Mexico, Colorado and Wyoming. | Mexican Cession |
| a person who went to California to find gold, starting in 1849 | forty-niner |
| California settlers of Spanish or Mexican descent. | Californio |
| a member of one of the oldest Spanish families in America, he owned 250,000 acres of land. | Mariano Vallejo |
| a Swiss immigrant who persuaded the governor to grant him 50,000 acres in the unsettled Sacrament Valley. He built a fort on his land. | John Sutter |
| a carpenter who built a sawmill on the American River. Discovered gold in the water. | James Marshall |
| in 1849, large numbers of people moved to California because gold had been discovered there. | California Gold Rush |
