Question | Answer |
what is personality? | -the characteristics or blend of characteristics that make a person unique |
What makes up personality? | -psychological core
-typical responses
-role-related bx |
approaches to understanding personality | -psychodynamic
-trait
-situational
-interactional
-phenomenological |
measuring personality | -measure both traits and states
-there are general versus situation-specific measures
-situation specific trait tests predict bx more accurately that do general trait measures |
measuring personality | -often more effective to compare perswonality test scores to a person's own previous test results that to grp norms
-projective tests are interesting but difficult to score |
measuring personality | -integrate personality test results w/other info obtained about participant
-use sport & exercise-specific tests when possible, giving them in consultation w/sport psychologist |
dos in personality testing | -inform partic about purpose of personality test & exactly how it will be used
-allow only qualified indiv who hav understanding of testing principles and measurement error to give personality tests
-use both state and trait measures of personality |
dos in personality testing | -provide partic w/spec feedback concerning results of test
-compare indiv agnst their own baseline lvls rather than agnst normative info |
don'ts in personality testing | -use clinical personality tests that focus on abnormality to study an avg pop of sport and esercise participants
-use personality tests to decide who makes team or program and who dsnt |
don'ts in personality testing | -give or interpret personaolity tests unless u r qualified to do so by APA or another certifying organ
-use personality tests to predict bx in sport and exercise settings w/o considering other sources of info |
psychological core | -most basic and deepest attitudes, values, interest,motives, adn self worth of a person-real person
-e.g. persons religious values |
typical responses | -way one typically adjusts or responds to envir
-eg being happy go lucky, shy |
role related bx | -how one acts in particular social situation
-eg bx as a student, parent, or friend |
psychodynamic approach | -bx is determined by several unconscious, constantly changing factors that often conflice w/ one another
-emphaiss is placed on understanding the person as a whole rather tahn identifiying isolated traits |
trait approach | -bx is determined by relatively stable traits taht are fundamental units of personality
-these traits predispose one to act in certain way, regardless of situation |
big 5 model of personality components | 1. neuroticism
2. extroversion
3. openness to experience
4. agreeableness
5. conscientiousness |
perfectionism | -multidemensional construct taht consists of various conponents, including setting high standards, feeling concern over mistakes, and being highly organized
-can lead to highly positive and extremely negative consequences (maladaptive versus adaptive) |
situational approach | -bx is determined by situation or envir
-situation is more important determinant of bx that particular personality traits
-situational approach is not as widely embraced by most sport psychologists |
interactional approach | -bx determined by both person and situational factors as well as by interaction
-majority go with this theory |
phenomenological approach | -bx is best determined by accounting for situational and personal characteristics
-person's understanding and interpretation of one's self and environment are critical
-phenomenological view is often stressed by today's sport psych |
research support for psychodynamic approach | -current impact: has little infl and hasnt been adopted by mst contemporary s.p.
-weakness-focuses almost entirely on internal determinants of bx, giving little att to socl envir
-conrtibution-has incr awareness that unconscious determinants of bx exist |
research support for trait approach | -current impact-little infl
-weakness: knowing traits will not always help predict bx in particular situations
-contrivution: emphasizes imprtance of traits and measurement of such dispositions |
research support for situational approach | -current impact: little
-weakness: situation will not always infl indiv bx
-contrivution: emphasizes importance of situation |
suppor for interactional | -current impact: considerable infl and adopted by mst contemporary s.p.
-contribution: consideration of both trait and situational variables and thieir interaction |
| -current impact-considerable infl and adopted by s.p.
-contribution: contrib of person's interpretation of one's self and envir while considering both trait and situational variables and their interaction |
findings in personality research | -some relat exists b/w personality traits and states and sport performance, but it is far from perfect or precise
-no single definitive personality profile ahs been found taht ocnsistently distinguishes athlets from nonathletes
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start at pg 12 | |