Cell Organelle or Process | Description |
Cell Membrane | a selectively permeable double layer of phospholipid |
Cytoplasm | the site of all cell metabolic reactions, contains organelles |
Nucleus | directs activities of the cell with genetic material |
Nucleolus | functions to synthesize ribosomes |
Centrioles | aids in movement of chromosomes during mitosis |
Ribosomes | functions in protein synthesis, made by nucleolus |
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | functions in protein synthesis, intracellular communication and transport |
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum | functions in lipid synthesis, intracellular communication and transport |
Golgi apparatus | functions in modification, packaging and transport of protein |
Lysosomes | digest wastes from cell metabolism and function in autolysis |
Mitochondria | the site of cellular respiration for energy (ATP) production from the breakdown of glucose using oxygen |
Microfilaments | smallest protein cytoskeleton |
Microtubules | larger protein cytoskeleton found with cilia and flagella |
Cilia | hair-like cell membrane extensions that move substances in cavities |
Flagella | hair-like cell membrane extension for cell locomotion (sperm is only example in humans) |
Microvilli | finger-like cell membrane extensions that increase surface area |
Diffusion | molecules move to equilibrium over time (passive/high to low concentration gradient) |
Osmosis | diffusion of water through semi-permeable membrane (passive/high to low concentration gradient) |
Facilitated Diffusion | diffusion with special carrier protein molecule in cell membrane (passive/high to low concentration gradient) |
Filtration | pressure pushes material through membrane pores (passive/high to low concentration gradient) |
Active Transport | opposite of facilitated diffusion, uses special carrier protein molecule in cell membrane (active/low to high concentration gradient) |
Phagocytosis | cell taking in solid particle by vesicle (active/low to high concentration gradient) |
Pinocytosis | cell taking in liquid by vesicle (active/low to high concentration gradient) |
Receptor Mediated Endocytosis | special entry into cell with carrier molecule or peripheral protein on cell membrane and vesicle (active/low to high concentration) |
Exocytosis | expel substances from cell by vesicle (active/low to high concentration) |