Question | Answer |
nephr- | kidney |
ren- | kidney |
urinary system | removes waste products and helps regulate blood volume and body pH |
nephron | functional unit of the kidney, filtration of blood occurs here |
urinary system functions | regulates body water, filters plasma, maintains electrolyte balance, resorbs water and useful constituents, regulates acid base balance, collects and stores urine |
mammalian urinary system components | two kidneys, two ureters, urinary bladder, urethra |
avian urinary system components | two kidneys, two ureters, cloaca |
primary nitrogen containing compound in urine in mammals | urea |
primary nitrogen compound in bird urine | uric acid |
renal cortex | outer part of the kidney, renal copuscle, which consists of the glomerular capsule (bowman's capsule) and the glomerulus, and the proximal and distal convoluted tubules are located here, filters the blood, producing the glomerular filtrate |
renal medulla | inner part of the kidney, renal pyramids and renal columns are located here |
renal pyramids | cone shaped structures, loop of Henle and collecting ducts are located within these, convert filtrate into urine |
renal columns | located between the renal pyramids and are extensions of cortex into medulla that support the cortex of the kidney |
renal pelvis | funnel shaped opening in the kidney that initially receives urine |
nephron | functional unit of the kidney, consists of the renal corpuscle and the renal tubule |
renal corpuscle | glomerulus and the glomerular capsule, filters the blood |
renal tubule | includes the proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, and the distal convoluted tubule, converts the filtrate into urine via reabsorption and secretion |
adrenal glands | sits on top of the kidney, adrenal cotrex and adrenal medulla |
adrenal cortex | secretes steroid hormones, including aldosterone and cortisone |
adrenal medulla | secretes epinephrine (adrenalin) and norepinephrine |
glomerular filtration rate (GFR) | filtrate produces per minute by both kidneys (functionally this is the work rate of the kidney) |
renal plasma clearance | removal of substances from the blood upon passage through kidney |
ADH (anti-diuretic hormone) | is excreted by the posterior pituitary and increases H2O resorption by the kidney |
aldosterone | is a steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex, it increases Na+ retention by the kidney |
renin | an enzyme, is secreted by the kidney, converts angiotenginogen into angiotensin I, this ultimately increases the release of aldosterone |
natriuretic hormone | is secreted by heart atria and decreases Na+ retention by the kidney |