Question | Answer |
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT | MOUTH, PHARYNX, ESOPHAGUS, STOMACH, S. INTESTINE, L. INTESTINE, RECTUM, ANAL CANAL, ANUS. |
ACCESSORY ORGANS | TEETH, TONGUE, SALIVARY GLANDS, LIVER, GALL BLADDER, PANCREASE |
4 LAYERS OF GI TRACT WALL | MUCOSA
SUBMUCOSA
MUSCULARIS
SEROSA |
MUCOSA LAYER | INNER MUCOUS MEMBRANE
W/ SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITH & LAMINA PROPRIA |
MUCOSA LAYER CHARACTERIZE BY | FOLDS, GLANDS, PROJECTIONS |
MUSCULARIS MOCUSA IN MUCOSA LAYER | THIN MUSCLE BAND CONTROLLING LOCAL MUCOSA MOV'TS & RESPONSES |
SUBMUCOSA LAYER | BINDS MUCOSA TO MUSCULARIS |
SUBMUCOSA IS CHARACTERIZED BY | BLOOD, LYMPHATIC VESSLES WHICH ABSORBS NUTRIENTS FROM DIGESTIVE TRACT |
WHAT STIMULATES SUBMUCOSAL GLANDS AND MUSCULAIS MUCOSA | SUBMUCOSAL NERVE PLEXUS |
MUSCULARIS | THICKEST LAYER
* 2 SMOOTH MUSCLE LAYERS
* 3 LAYERS IN STOMACH |
MUSCULE LAYERS | 1) INNER CIRCULAR LAYER
2) LONGITUDINAL MUSCLE LAYER |
CIRCULAR LAYER | *DECREASE DIAMETER
*FORMS SPHINCTER VALVES |
WHAT CAUSES PROPULSION, MIXING AND PREVENT BACK FLOW | SPHINCTER VALVES |
DECREASES LENGTH IN TRACT WALLS | LONGITUDINAL MUSCLE LAYER |
WHAT NERVE PLEXUS STIMULATE MUSCLE LAYER | MYENTERIC NERVE PLEXUS |
MYENTERIC NERVE PLEXUS RESPOND TO | STRETCH, ANS |
SEROSA | OUTER LAYER
VISERAL PERITONEUM - SECRETES SEROUS FLUID |
VAGUS NERVE SERVES WHICH LAYER IN THE TRACT WALL | SEROSA |
THE SEROSA IS MOSTLY UNDER WHAT DIVISION OF ANS | PARASYMPATHETIC |
FUNCTION OF ORAL CAVITY | ANALYZE FOOD, MOISTEN FOOD, FORM BOLUS, INITIATES ENZYMES FOR DIGESTION |
ORAL CAVITY MADE UP OF | HARD PALATE , SOFT PALATE, UVULA ( POSTERIOR TO SOFT PALATE), TONGUE,SALIVARY GLANDS,TEETH |
HARD AND SOFT PALATE CONTAIN WHAT TYPE OF TISSUE | STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM |
UVULA | BLOCKS NASOPHARYNX WHEN SWOLLOWING
IS THE SWALLOWING CONTROL MECHANISM
AND PREVENTS FOOD FROM GOING INTO THE NASAL CAVITY |
TONGUE | INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC SKELETAL MUSCLES |
SALIVARY GLANDS | PRODUCE SALIVA, WATER, AMALAYSE, ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS, MUCUS |
THE SALIVARY GLAND IS COMPRISE OF 3 GLANDS, NAME THEM | 1) PAROTID GLANDS
2) SUBLINGUAL GLANDS
3) SUBMANDIBULAR GLANDS |
WHERE IS THE PAROTID GLAND FOUND | OVER MASSETER MUSCLE |
GLANDS FOUND UNER TONGUE | SUBLINGUAL GLANDS |
GLANDS FOUND UNDER BOTH SUBLINGUAL AND MANDIBULE | SUBMANDIBULAR GLANDS |
TEETH | *32 TEETH
* 2 INCISORS, 1 CANINE, 2 PREMOLARS, 3 MOLARS -- ON ONE SIDE |
WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE BONE LIKE MATERIAL COMPOSING MOST OF TEETH | DENTIN |
ABOVE GUM LINE AND IS COVERED BY ENAMEL | CROWN |
HARDEST SUBSTANCE IN BODY AND | ENAMEL |
ROOT | BELOW GUM LINE, ARE PROJECTIONS THAT ANCHOR TEETH IN JAW BONE |
ANOTHER NAME FOR GUM | GINGIVAE |
WHAT COVERS SURFACE BTW TEETH | GUM OR GINGIVAE |
PERIODONTAL LIGAMENTS | *LINES AVEOLAR SOCKETS
*ANCHOR TEETH
*ABSORB SHOCK |
FUNCTION OF CEMENTUM | SECURES TOOTH TO PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT |
WHAT CONTAINS BLOOD VESSELS AND NERVES IN TEETH | CENTRAL (PULP) CAVITY |
PHARYNX - THROAT | NASOPHARYNX, OROPHARYNX & LARYNGOPHARYNX |
ESOPHAGUS | PROPELS FOOD INTO STOMACH |
LOCATION OF ESOPHAGUS | MEDIASTINUM OF THORACIC CAVITY |
TRANSTITION OF EPITHELIUM LAYER FROM MOUTH THRU ANUS | MOUTH, PHARYNX - STRATIFIED SQUAMOSE EPITHELUM
OPENING OF STOMACH - SIMPLE COLUMNAR
ANUS - STRATIFIED COLUMNAR |
DEGLUTINATION | BEGIN WITH SWALLOWING IN ESOPHAGUS
INVOLVES VOLUNTARY AND IN VOLUNTARY MUSCLES |
ANOTHER NAME FOR ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER | CARDIAC SPHINCTER |
WHERE IS THE ESOPHOAGEAL (CARDIAC) SPHINCTER FOUND | AT OPENING OF STOMACH |
WHEN DOES CARDIAC SPHINCTERS OPENS? | ONLY WHEN FOOD NEEDS TO COME THRU |
2 WAYS ESOPHAGUS WALL DIFFER FROM LOWER DIGESTIVE WALL STURCTURE | 1) CONTAINS STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS
NOT SIMPLE COLUMNAR
2) AVENTITIA ON OUTER LAYER
NOT VISERAL PERITONEUM (SEROSA) |
6 FUNCTIONS OF DIGISTIVE SYSTEM | 1) INGESTION
2) PROPULSION
3) MECHANICAL DIGESTION
4) CHEMICAL DIGESTION (ENZYMES)
5) ABSORTION
6) DEFECATION |
WHAT DOES PROPULSION INVOLVES | INVOLVES SWOLLOWING (DEGLUTINATION), PERISTALIS |
WHAT IS PERISTALIS | WAVE LIKE CONTRACTION THAT STARTS WHEN A BOLUS OF FOOD IS SWOLLOWED AND MOVES THU THE DG TRACT.
BOLUS MOVES ---> ESOPHAGUS ---> STOMACH (TURNS INTO LIQUID CALLED CHYME)--->CON'T IN INTESTINE ->S.I ---> L.I (WATER IS ABSORB HERE INTO BLOOD STREAM-> ANUS |
WHAT OCCURS IN MECHANICAL DIGESTION | 1)CHEWING - MASTICATION
2)CHURNING - STOMACH
3) SEGMENTATION- LOCALIZE MIXING |
HOW DOES ABSORPTION OCCUR IN THE DIGESTIVE TRACT | LUMEN THRU EPITH. AND INTO BLOOD
3 MEMBRANE |
WHAT IS CHEMICAL DIGESTION | ENZYMES ARE SECRETED TO BREAKDOWN MICORMOLECULES INTO MICROMOLECULES, THEN ABSORB ACCROSS TRACT WALLS... |
DEFECATION | RIDDING ANYTHING THAT CANNOT BE ABSORB |
FUNTION OF RECTUM | STORES FECES |
WHAT OPENS THROUGH OUTSIDE THROUGH ANAL CANAL AND ANUS | RECTUM |
INTERNAL ANAL SPHINCTER | INVOLUNTARY MUSCLE IN ANUS |
EXTERNAL ANAL SPHINCTER | VOLUNTARY |
ANAL SPHINCTER - EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL | CONTROL MOV'T |
EPITH. TISSUE CONTAINED ANAL CANAL | STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS |
MASS PERISTALIC MOV'T | WAVES OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION MOVING FECES TO RECTUM |
GASTRIC GLANDS CONTAIN | 1) CHIEF CELLS
2) PARIETAL CELLS
3) MUCOUS CELLS
4) G CELLS OR ENTEROENDOCTRINE CELLS
5) HORMONE |
CHEIF CELLS | SECRETE PEPSINOGEN (INACTIVE) |
PARIETAL CELLS | HCL AND INTRINSIC FAC |
HORMONE | SECRETES GASTRIN IN STOMACH |