Name | Description |
Skeletal Cartilage | large water content; no nerves; no blood vessels, perichondrium; cartilage cells |
Resilient | springs back to original shape |
Perichondrium | membrane surrounds cartilage |
Chondrocytes | cartilage cells |
Extracellular matrix | ground substance surrounds cells |
Hyaline cartilage | most abundant cartilage |
Articular cartilage | hyaline; at moveable bond ends |
Costal cartilage | hyaline; ribs to sternum |
Laryngeal cartilage | hyaline; forms larynx |
Tracheal & Bronchial cartilage | hyaline; respiratory system |
Nasal cartilage | hyaline; external nose |
Elastic cartilage | stretchy fibers for bending |
Pinna | external ear, elastic cartilage |
Epiglottis | covers opening to larynx; elastic cartilage |
Fibrocartilage | thickest for great strength, pressure & stretch |
Menisci | fibrocartilage pads; discs between spiral vertebrae |
Appositional | growth from outside; cells in surrounding perichondrium secrete new matrix |
Interstitial | growth from within; chondrocyte cells within cartilage divide & secrete new matrix |
Skeleton Functions | support, protection, movement, mineral storage and blood cell formation |
Hematopoeisis | blood cell formation by red marrow |
Long bones | long shaft with 2 ends; ex. bones of limbs |
Short bones | roughly cube shape; ex. wrist/ankle |
Flat bones | thin, flat & slightly curved; ex. sternum/ribs/skull bones |
Irregular bones | complex shapes; ex. vertebrae/hip |
Compact bone | lamellar bone (dense) |
Spongy bone | concellous bone; composed of trabeculae and open spaces filled with red & yellow bone marrow |
Trabeculae | flat bone pieces |
Diaphysis | long axis-short, medullary cavity |
Medullary cavity | central marrow cavity, contains yellow bone marrow |
Epiphysis | bone ends with spongy bone; joint surface with a layer of articular cartilage |
Epiphyseal Line | between diaphysis & each epiphysis |
Periosteum | protective covering of outer surface of diaphysis, secured to underlying bone by Sharpey's fibers |
Sharpey's fibers | secure underlying bone todiaphysis |
Osteoblast cells | bone-forming |
Osteoclast cells | bone-destroying |
Endosteum | membrane covers inner marrow cavity |
Hematopoietic tissue | red marrow - blood-forming tissue |
Red Marrow cavity | spongy area of long bones |
Yellow Marrow | fat in medulla cavity, can revert to red if anemic |
Haversian system | an osteon; parallel to length of bone |
Lamella | group of hollow tubes |
Haversian canal | thru central core of each osteon, contains nerves/blood vessels |
Volkmann's canal | enter at right angle; connets periosteum nerves & blood vessels to central canals and medullary cavity |
Osteocytes | mature bone cells, maintain bone matrix in small lucurae cavities |
Canaliculi | connets osteoclasts |
Lacurae cavity | contain osteoclasts |
Spongy bone structure | no osteons, trabeculae alighned to resist stress, osteocytes interconnect thru canaliculi |