Name | Description |
Electron Shells | regions around nucleus; occupied by electrons; numbered 1-7 |
Energy Level | electron shell |
Shell 1 holds | two |
Shell 2 - 7 hold | eight |
Valence | atom's outer energy level; contain chemically reactive electrons |
Valence electrons | chemically reactive |
Rule of Eights (Octet Rule) | atoms interact to stabilize; fill outer shell |
Chemically Inert Elements | outer energy level filled |
Inert | unreactive |
Noble Gases | example of inert elements |
Ions | transfer electrons in or out; unbalanced charged particle |
Anions | negative ion; gains electrons |
Cations | positive ion; loses electrons |
Ionic bonds | opposite charges attract and bond together |
Covalent Bonds | sharing of electrons, each atoms fills outer shell but only part of the time, stability without electron transfer |
Hydrogen Bonds | surface tension of water, H+ of water molecule attracts 0- atom of another water molecule |
Reactants | number and kinds |
Products | new chemical substances |
Molecular Formula | shows product number & kinds of atoms, shows number of molecules |
Synthesis | anabolic/constructive, combine atoms/molecules into larger complex |
Decomposition | catabolic/destructive, break molecules into smaller molecules/atom |
Water | most abundant inorganic molecule, 60-80% volume of living cells |
Salts | ionic compounds, dissociate into ions in water, are electrolytes |
Electrolytes | conduct electric current in solution, nerve impulses, muscle contraction |