Question | Answer |
the shift, beginning in England during the 18th century, from making goods by hand to making them by machine. | Industrial Revolution |
one of the fenced-in or hedged-in fields created by wealthy British landowners on land that was formerly worked by village farmers. | Enclosure |
the system of growing a different crop in a field each year to preserve the fertility of the land. | Crop rotation |
the development of industries for the machine production of goods. | Industrialization |
the resources—including land, labor, and capital—that are needed to produce goods and services. | Factors of production |
a large building in which machinery is used to manufacture goods. | Factory |
a person who organizes, manages, and takes on the risks of a business. | Entrepreneur |
painted lifelike figures
decorated the Arena Chapel
created an illusion of depth | Giotto |
wrote the Divine Comedy
Beatrice was his muse
filled poems with real people
wrote in the venacular | Dante Alighieri |
wrote poems and letters
wrote in Italian and Latin
in Italian he wrote sonnets to women
in Latin he wrote letters to friends
imitated Cicero in his writing and gave it simplicity and purity
first humanist | Francesco Petrarch |
autobiographies and self portraits | 2 new art forms |
wrote "the Courtier" | Baldassare Castiglione |
ruled Florence from behind the scenes
did not own a political office
first to build the first free public library | Cosimo de Medici |
trade and banking | things the Medici made a fortune in |
most honored woman for her art collection; exercised real political power | Isabella d'Este |
textiles and banking | what 2 industries gave florentines wealth? |
known as Lorenzo the Magnificent
grandson of Cosimo
beautified the city | Lorenzo de Medici |
created 2 pairs of bronze doors for the Bapistry | Lorenzo Ghiberti |
1) Ghiberti
2) Brunelleschi
3) Donatello
4) Masaccio | 4 geniuses of Florence's golden age |
worked on the cathedral of Florence
had the idea of a dome | Brunelleschi |
revolutionized sculpture;
created real alive free-standing "David"
famous for heroic statues of men on horseback | Donatello |
used "perspective"
"father of modern painting" | Masaccio |
wrote "the prince"
wrote about politics
had the idea that most people are selfish and corrupt | Machiavelli |
surrendered to King Charles VIII and then forced into exile by Florentines | Piero de Medici |
Leonardo, Raphael Santi, Michelangelo | 3 artists that lifted renaissance to brilliance |