Question | Answer |
Eastern part of the Roman empire | Byzantine empire |
capital city of Byzantine Empire | Constantinople |
built by who? | Emperor Constantine |
invaded and conquered by the? | Ottoman Turks |
the largest christian city in Europe during the middle ages; strongest most-advanced | Constantinople |
3 reasons Constantinople was impressive | 1. surrounded by water strong defense
2. controls trade btwn Mediterranean & black sea; center of cultural diffusion
3. legal codes, art and architecture; inherited Roman culture gave historical advantage |
Byz Empire reached peak under which ruler? | Emperor Justinian |
Who was he married to? What was she? | Theodora, a courtesan |
Which lands did they conquer? | huge parts of what was the western Roman empire: North Africa, Italy, (only held land briefly) |
the revolts of the upper and lower which resulted in the burning of the city | Nika Revolts |
Justinian wanted to flee but Theodora refused and enlisted General Belisarius what did he do to the people? | assembled them in Hippodrome and slaughtered the rioters |
Justinians 3 main achievements | 1. rebuilding Constantinople from the Nika revolts
2. building the Hagia Sophia
3. establishing a cod of law called Justinians code |
church of the holy wisdom | hagia sophia |
Justians biggest failure was? | leaving the Byz empire nearly bankrupt lead to attacks |
What was infuential in the Byz empire as it was in Western Europe | christianity |
Differences btwn East and West Christianity | the pope v Emperor
priests can be married
greek is eastern; latin is western
less emphasis on christmas/holidays in East |
2 things central to Byz culture were | Emperor and Christianity |
emperor was ordained by God and was the? | deputy to Jesus Christ on earth |
a dispute over what contributed to tensions btwn East and West Christianity | icons |
conflict led to resentment against the Pope in the Byzantine Empire against icons; split between Eastern and Western Christianity known as the | The Great Schism in 1054 |
correct opinion | orthodox |
two churches that came from the split | the Eastern Orthodox Church
Roman Catholic Church |
the Eastern Orthodox temporarily empowered the emperor, but was at a disadvantage why? | but could no longer rely on West w/o allies and was left vulnerable |
Constantinople fell to the? | Turns in 1453 |
the city was renamed to? | Istanbul and became the capital |
Hagia Sophia was turned into? | Islamic center of worship/mosque |
emerged as the great center of Islamic culture | Istanbul |
What was Byz heritage? | continuing knowledge of Rome, the Byz culture, Eastern Orthodox
the influence of Russia and Eastern Europe |
two characteristics of the Byzantine art and architecture | both religious and political
but symbolic not realistic; in form of mosaic - two-dimensional,colorful, |
as a result of the intertwining of religion and politics many works reveal the emperor as? | head of the church |
paintings or sculptures of sacred figures, and were controversial bc some considered veneration of icons to constitute to | idolatry |
people who objected icons were called | iconclasts |
iconbreakers | iconclasts |
Emperor Leo III forbid the used of icons and ordered their destruction, but this was an unpopular decision amongst the | clergy |
the clergy used the icons to what | teach the illiterate about Christianity |
russia develops into | the northeast of the Byz empire |
northern europeans perhaps vikings who joined the Slavs to establish the state of Kievan Rus based in the city of Kiev | the Rus |
major trade city | Kiev |
2 reasons why the land is so culturally different | 1. the influence of Byz culture and the Eastern orthodox
2. and the invasion of the mongols |
1 example of Byz influence on russian art | use of icons |
2 byz monks who spoke Slavic language and converted many of the kieven Rus people to Christianity | cyril and Methodius |
two monks created cyrillic alphabet; | based on greek |
made Eastern Orthodox christianity the state of religion of Kievan Rus bc he was not want to give up alcohol; later became a saint | Vladmir the 1st |
economically and politically advantageous to establish stronger ties w | the Byz |
Invaders from the east | mongol |
(mongols were led by Gerghis Khan) but who conquered Kiev Rus established a Mingol state | batu khan |
this action strongly influenced the development of Russia by isolating Russia from the | merging Christian West |
emerges as the strongest city over Kiev | Moscow |
invaded from the south around the same time as the | |
prince of moscow
recovery of Russia after Mongols
established absolute rule
adopted Byza. rituals and power structure
limited the power of boyars
called himself Tzar | Ivan the Great |
strengthens serfdom
grandson of Ivan the terrible
-centralized royal power; crush boyar privleges
_
Later became insane: paranoia and anxiety
kiled his own son bc sons wife was inappropriate and beat her causing miscarrage and his son upset | Ivan the Terrible |