| Question | Answer |
| led to exploration
stimulated trade
increased power of monarchs | positive impacts of the crusades |
| banking was adopted because it was | easier to travel without gold |
| new farming technology led to | population growth |
| Which of the following was part of the commercial revolution? | agriculture to trade; barter to money economy; from manors to cities |
| Banking in western europe became the domain of the? | Jews |
| Romanesque architecture was characterized by | thick walls and few windows |
| Western european cities were | dirty; covered in poop |
| permission for a city to trade | charter |
| stained glass images were used to? | teach the illeterate |
| The impact of the crises that ended the Middle ages | weakened the manor system
weakened feudalism
increased the power of monarchs |
| Crises that led to the end of the Middle Ages | The Black Plague
the 100 yrs war
the war of the Roses |
| Joan of Arc fought in the | 100 yrs war |
| characteristics of Gothic cathedrals | grotesque
soaring height
pointed arches |
| serfs became what during the High Middle Ages? | tenant farms |
| cities grew up where? | trade fair took place |
| Middle ages art was meant to teach lessons so it was not | beautiful or realistic |
| the war of Roses ended with | a marriage btwn the 2 feuding families |
| the black death was caused by | the spread of disease along trade routes from the East |
| the major impact of The Great Schism was | the weakening of the church |
| France developed into a centralized monarchy with? | absolute power |
| religious wars fought by European Christians to win back the Holy Land | crusades |
| What were the positive outcomes of the Crusades? | Economic: stimulated trade
Political: increases power of the monarchs
Education: exposed Western Europe to the advanced Eastern culture
Worldview: led to exploration |
| The high middle ages were a time of ? | economic recovery |
| high middle ages were characterized by | agricultural revolution, revival of trade, and the growth of population |
| What made farming more productive? | new technology;
more land available they could drain swamps and clear forests |
| manor > 3 field system | left 1 field open to not exhaust soil |
| the transformation of the economy | commercial revolution |
| Banking was adopted from? | the Muslims |
| Banking was easier and safer to ? | travel without gold |
| banking became the domain of | Jews and Jews were barred from laws and |
| no longer the only form of wealth and thus power | land |
| serfs become what? | tenant farmers; pay rent in cash and farming |
| towns and cities grew up around ? | castles where trade fair takes place |
| a document that each city is required to have to get the kings' permission to trade | charter |
| a new social class of non-landowners developing wealth; merchants, traders, artisans, craftspeople, peasants no longer on manors | middle class |
| provide education and social system | guilds |
| children given food and housing | apprentince |
| after apprentice, journey try to become a master yourself | journeyman |
| pay tax to the king to increase power | charter |
| early Western European cities | Negative:
-crowding, dirty
- no sanitation
-disease
-increase crime
Positive:
-center of learning and culture
-public entertainment
-cultural diffusion |
| Jews became the of banking? | domains; because christian law forbade christians from osary and bc Jews were bard from land |
| influenced by Romans; solid, fortress-like churches w/thick walls and towers, small windows, arches | romanesque |
| extreme height, new technology, and focus on light | gothic |
| gothic churches reflects preoccupation w/ | god, faith, religion |
| What were the three innovations that allowed for the soaring heights of Gothic cathedrals? | ribbed vaults
pointed arches
flying buttresses |
| ribbed vaults
pointed arches
flying buttresses | supports that allowed height of cathedral w/o thickness of the walls |
| communities will become extremely competitive in their attempts to? | build the tallest cathedral |
| They will try to outdo each other to show their ? | devotion to God |
| stained glass were used to? | educate illiterate people w/ bible stories |
| How can you tell who each saint is? | their attributions |
| they used to sculpture to | teach lessons |
| water spouts; protect the architecture | gargoyles |
| statues for decorative purpose | grotesque |
| acted as "spiritual scarecrows" to warn evil away from the church building, | gargoyles and grotesques |
| might have also been placed to ? | entice the Heathen population |
| difference between early middle ages and high middle ages | ema: feudalism
politcal system
manor system -> economic recovery -> money recovery
hma: monarchs; kings (top of feudal hierarchy, strong military)
- tax on region |
| - moves papal system from Rome to Avignon when Pope
-has 3 popes; fight over which is the REAL pope
-church looks foolish and is weakened | The Great Schism |
| - between England and France
-lasts 100 yrs; France suffers loss until Joan of Arc shifts
- France wins; killed and looked up to as a martyr by French
- both France and England develop strong monarchies after war | the 100 yrs war |
| (1455-1487)
- Two families fight over English crown
- Lancaster is red; Yorks is white
- Red v White
- Henry the 7th marries Elizabeth of Yorke and marriages starts the Tudor Dynasty
- Ends the war of the roses | The War of Roses |
| - 1 in 3 Europeans will die
- Arrived through via trade routes; still exists in Asia
- thought it was punishment for sins and went to church for help
- church had no control and did not solve anything | - population decrease
tech innovation, manors fall apart, people move into cities after plague is done
- burned Jews at stake
The Black Plague |
| association of people with same craft; prevents claims of master craftsmen
social services
lodging
education
assurance | guilds |
| -strong monarchies, cities (city system), new economy | survival |
| England v France, fight for territory, joan of arc shows up, wins battle for France, keeps them separate of power, increases power of monarchies | the Black Death |
