| Term | Definition |
| Palmer Raids | raids that deported over 600 citizens accused of participating in a radical plot to overthrow the govt. during the Red Scare |
| Red Scare | following the Russian Revolution, many in the US panicked that labor unions and immigrants from Eastern Europe would lead a communist revolution in America |
| J. Edgar Hoover | assistant to Attorney General Mitchell Palmer during the Red Scare, who would later become head of the FBI for decades |
| Sacco & Vanzetti | Italian immigrants who were caught up in anti-communist hysteria and executed without clear evidence of committing murder |
| Nativism | a strong dislike of foreigners and their cultures, which were seen as threats to the dominance of Anglo-Saxon, Protestant White American culture |
| Ku Klux Klan | a new version arose in opposition to immigrants, Catholics, and Jews, besides African-Americans |
| Teapot Dome Scandal | two of president Harding's friends were accused of asking for bribes in exchange for granting leases to oil companies on govt. lands |
| Herbert Hoover | president who believed in the "rugged individualism" of America based on free education, equal opportunities, and a will to succeed with no govt. interference in the economy |
| Henry Ford | car entrepreneur who used the assembly line techniques to mass produce the model T; he paid workers more so they could afford to buy it |
| Model T | first mass-produced car that many Americans could buy |
| Glenn Curtiss | designed sea planes for the US Navy that could cross the Atlantic |
| assembly line | method of production in which unskilled workers used machinery to create cars and other products rapidly |
| credit | retailers created new installment payments where consumers could purchase expensive goods with little or no money down |
| speculation | the purchase of stocks using credit, in hopes of re-selling at a higher price |
| Frances Willard | temperance movement leader who advocated for women's rights, suffrage, 8-hour work day, and pushed for prohibition |
| 18th Amendment | prohibited the sale of alcoholic drinks in 1919 |
| 21st Amendment | repealed the unpopular prohibition of alcohol in 1933 |
| 19th Amendment | gave women the right to vote (suffrage) |
| Scopes Monkey Trial | trial that pitted the older, religious, traditional values versus the new scientific theories like evolution |
| Immigration Acts of 1921, 1924 | immigration laws designed to exclude immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe & Asia by creating quotas based on ethnicity, religion, and political ideology |
| Social Darwinism | belief that human races competed for survival and that Anglo-Saxon race was superior to darker-skinned races |
| Flappers | young women who had entered the workforce and refused to conform to traditional roles & behavior for women; they wore short hair & skirts, smoke & drank, and lived independently |
| Tin Pan Alley | section of NYC where song writing & musical ideas mixed to form American popular sheet music of blues, jazz, and ragtime music for shows and individuals |
| Lost Generation | American writers disillusioned by WWI and the materialistic society of the 1920s, who moved to Europe |
| The Great Migration | large migration of African-Americans to northern cities to escape the segregation of Jim Crow Southern society and lynchings in search of factory jobs |
| Harlem Renaissance | cultural explosion of African American literature, music, and politics as they moved into northern cities from the South |
| Langston Hughes | African-American poet & writer of Harlem Renaissance |
| Charles Lindbergh | American pilot who flew solo across the Atlantic |
| F. Scott Fitzgerald | writer of the Great Gatsby which captured the spirit of the Jazz Age and moral corruption |
