Question | Answer |
Erector Spinae Group: Origin/ Insertion | O: Common tendon that attaches to post. surface of sacrum, iliac crest, spinous processes of lumbar&last 2 thoracic verte.
I: Various attachments at post. ribs, spinous&transverse processes of thoracic & cervical verte. &mastoid process of temporal bone |
Erector Spinae Group: Action | A: Unilaterally: Laterally flex vertebral column to the same side
Bilaterally: Extend the vertebral column |
Spinalis | O: Spinous processes of upper lumbar & lower thoracic vertebrae & C-7, ligament nuchae
I: Spinous processes of upper thoracic,cervicals, except C-1 |
Longissimus | O: Common tendon, transverse processes of upper 5 thoracic vertebrae
I: Lower 9 ribs, transverse processes of thoracic & cervical vertebrae, mastoid process of temporal bone |
Iliocostalis | O: Common tendon, posterior surface of ribs 1-12
I: Transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae 1-3&posterior surface of ribs 1-12, posterior surface of ribs 1-6, transverse processes of lower cervicals |
Multifidi | O: Sacrum and transverse processes of lumbar through cervical vertebrae
I: Spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae through 2nd cervical vertebrae
A: Unilaterally: Rotate vertebral column to opposite side
Bilaterally: Extend the vertebral column |
Rotatores | O: Transverse processes of lumbar through cervical vertebrae
I: Spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae through 2nd cervical vertebrae
A: Unilaterally: Rotate vertebral column to opposite side
Bilaterally: Extend the vertebral column |
Semispinalis Capitis | O: Transverse processes of C-4 to T-5
I: Between superior and inferior nuchal lines of the occiput
A: Extend the vertebral column and head |
Splenius Capitis | O: Inferior 1 half of ligament nuchae & spinous processes of C-7 to T-4
I: Mastoid process & lateral portion of superior nuchal line
A: Unilateral: -Rotate head & neck to same side
-Laterally flex head & neck to same side
Bilateral: Extend head & neck |
Splenius Cervicis | O: Spinous processes of T-3 to T-6
I: Transverse processes of C-1 to C-3
A: Unilateral: -Rotate head and neck to same side
-Laterally flex head and neck to same side
Bilateral: Extend head and neck |
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major | O: Spinous processes of axis C-2
I: Inferior nuchal line of occiput
A: -Rock and tilt head back into extension
-Rotate the head to the same side |
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor | O: Tubercle of posterior arch of atlas C-1
I: Inferior nuchal line of occiput
A: Rock and tilt the head back into extension |
Oblique Capitis Superior | O:Transverse process of atlas C-1
I: Between nuchal lines of occiput
A: -Rock and tilt the head back into extension
-Laterally flex the head to the same side |
Oblique Capitis Inferior | O: Spinous process of axis C-2
I: Transverse process of atlas C-1
A: Rotate the head to the same side |
Quadratus Lumborum | O: Posterior iliac crest
I: Last rib & transverse processes of 1st-4th lumbar vertebrae
A: Uni: -Laterally tilt pelvis
-Laterally flex vertebral column to same side
-Assist to extend vertebral column
Bi: Fix last rib during forced in/ex-halation |
Rectus Abdominis | O: Pubic crest, pubic symphysis
I: Cartilage of 5th, 6th, & 7th ribs and xiphoid processes
A: -Flex vertebral column
-Tilt pelvis posteriorly |
External Oblique | O: External surfaces of 5th-12th ribs
I: Anterior part of iliac crest, abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
A: Uni: -Laterally flex vertebral column to same side
-Rotate vertebral column to opposite side
Bi: -Flex vertebral column
-Compress ab content |
Internal Oblique: Origin/Insertion | O:Lateral inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia
I: Internal surface of lower 3 ribs, abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba |
Internal Oblique: Action | A: Unilateral: -Laterally flex vertebral column to same side
-Rotate vertebral column to same side
Bilateral: -Flex vertebral column
-Compress abdominal contents |
Transverse Abdominis | O: Lateral inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, internal surface of lower 6 ribs
I: Abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
A: Compress abdominal contents |
Diaphragm | O: Costal: Inner surface of lower 6 ribs
Lumbar: Upper 2-3 lumbar vertebrae
Sternal: Inner part of xiphoid process
I: Central tendon
A: -Draw down central tendon
-Increase the volume of thoracic cavity during inhalation |
External Intercostals | O: Inferior border of the rib above
I: Superior border of the rib below
A: Draw the ribs superiorly to assist with inhalation |
Internal Intercostals | O: Inferior border of the rib above
I: Superior border of the rib below
A: Draw the ribs interiorly to assist with exhalation |
Serratus Posterior Superior | O: Spinous processes of C-7 - T-3
I: Posterior surface of 2nd - 5th ribs
A: Elevate the ribs during inhalation |
Serratus Posterior Inferior | O: Spinous processes of T-12 - L-3
I: Posterior surface of 9th-12th ribs
A: Depress the ribs during exhalation |
Intertransversarii | O&I: Cervical: Spanning the transverse processes of vertebrae C-2 - C-7
Lumbar:Spanning the transverse processes of vertebrae L-1 - L-5
A: Unilateral: Laterally flex the vertebral column to the same side
Bilateral: Extend the vertebral column |
Interspinalis | O&I: Cervical: Spanning the spinous processes of C-2 - T-3
Lumbar: Spanning the spinous processes of T-12 - L-5
A: Extend the vertebral column |