Question | Answer |
What were the dark ages? | Dark Ages = AD 476 – 900 or 1000 AD. Time of barbarism, mass migration, economic and educational retreat: public works, courts, education, written records, coinage/trade largely disappeared (in Europe); Poor public health |
What are Germanic people | people of a common culture, similar language, physical characteristics who invaded Western Roman Europe. |
Who conquered Europe after the fall of the Romans? | – Germanic peoples controlled most of Europe after the fall of Rome but not as one empire |
What countries were overrun by Germanic tribes | Italy, Britain, Spain & North Africa |
Why was there a mass movement of tribes? | tribes seeking better lands, safer environment, or loot. |
Were the tribes permanently tied to the land? | No, Their whole village could be packed up and moved. |
What were their huts like? | long and narrow |
What about the animals kept the vikings homes warm? | Their body heat and their droppings (poop). |
What are Pagans? | gods closely linked with battle and hunting or nature; gods were violent and angry; human sacrifice common. |
What religion came to Ireland? | Christianity |
Who founded the Irish church? | Saint Patrick – an escaped slave boy trained in Britain. He returned to Ireland and converted the Celts to Christianity. |
What did monks do? | They made and sold things. |
What were the Books of Kells? | an illustrated version of the Four Gospels (most people couldn’t read) |
What was Charles Martel's nick name? | The Hammer |
Who had conquered North Africa and Spain and were hoping to dominate all Europe (weaken Christianity) | The Muslims |
What did Charles Martel do in 732 AD? | Charles led a smaller Frankish army against invading Muslims from North Africa. He won the Battle of Tours. |
What is the name of Martels grandson? | Martel’s grandson, (Charlemagne), later became king of the Franks. |
What is Charlemagne known for? | Charlemagne fought many aggressive campaigns; absorbed many Germanic peoples.United northern/western Europe under his rule.
Rule much of modern day Germany, France, and Italy. France = Land of the Franks. |
What was Charlemagne named? | Named ‘Holy Roman Emperor’ by Pope Leo III on Christmas Day – 800 A.D. This was nothing like the old Roman Empire – this more Political |
What was something that Charlemagne very much encouraged? | Learning |
What is Feudalism? | Kings gave land and honors to Tenants-in-chief (nobles). King “owns” all. |
What was the nobles job? | Nobles (Baron, Duke, Count, Earl…) sent tax money to the King and ruled their portion in the King’s name. |
What were knights? | really good warriors who served the Nobles. |
What were Freedman? | skilled laborers could sell goods for money (own property). |
What were Peasants? | worked the land; had few rights. Worked their land and the lord’s land. Had to give all service and taxes when asked. |
What were Vikings? | Vikings were fierce raiders who troubled Europe but brought important changes too. |
Were the Vikings organized? | NOPE |