Question | Answer |
Most organs contain all 4 tissue types, their arrangement determines the ___ | organs structures and capabilities |
Epethelial tissue: | covers |
Epithetial tissues are __ and ___ | avascualar and innervated |
Avascular means | no blood vessels |
Vascular means | has blood vessels |
Innervated means | has nerves |
What are the functions of the epithelial tissue? | protection, absorption, secretion, filtration, excretion, and sensory reception |
Ability to regenerate, polarity, specialized contacts, supported by connected tissues and avascular but innervated are all characteristics of the ___ tissue | epithelial |
What are the 2 types of epithelial tissues? | simple & stratified |
Simple epithelia is: | a single cell layer |
Stratified epithelia means the cell: | has 2 or more layers |
Squamous cells are: | flattened |
Cubodial cells are: | boxlike, same length as width |
Columnar cells are: | tall & column shaped |
The nucleus does the same thing as ___ | its tissue |
Capillaries are | small blood vessels |
Goblet cells | cells that secrete mucous |
Simple cubodial function: | secretion & absorption |
Simple cubodial location: | kidneys |
Simple columnar location: | lines digestive tract -- from stomach to the rectum |
Simple columnar function: | absorption, secretion of mucous, enzymes and other substances |
Simple squamous location: | blood vessels, lungs, lymphatic vessels, lining of heart and ventral body cavity |
Simple squamous function: | allow material to pass through by diffusion, and filtration |
Pseudostratified columnar location: | lines trachea, nasal passages |
Pseudostratified columnar function: | cilia moves things across surface of the cell |
Transitional epithelium | forms lining of hollow organs |
Stratified squamous function: | protects underlying tissues in areas subjected to abrasion |
Stratified squamous location: | exterior part of skin |
Stratified cubodial location: | sweat & mammary glands |
Secretion | product produced by cells used in body |
Excretion | getting rid of waste |
Stratified columnar location: | pharynx, male urethra, & lining some glandular ducts |
All epithelial tissues are supported by ___ tissue | connective |
Connective tissues are __ and __ | vascular and innervated |
Connective tissues: | support |
The most abundant and widely distributed of the primary tissues are the___ tissue | connective |
4 main classes of connective tissues: | connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone tissue and blood |
Connective tissue proper has 2 subclasses: | Dense connective tissue and loose connective tissue |
3 types of loose connective tissue: | areolar, reticular & adipose |
Areolar tissue: | wraps & functions organs, holds and convey tissue fluid |
Adipose tissue: | insulates against heat loss, supports and protects organs |
The adipose tissue is under skin in the ___ layer | subcatanenous |
Adipose tissue is found : | around kidneys, eyeballs and in breast |
What tissue stores nutrients as fats and defends against infection via macrophages? | areolar |
3 types of dense connective tissues: | elastic, dense regular & dense irregular |
Dense irregular tissue: | provides structural strength - withstands tension |
Which dense connective tissue is located in the joints, fibrous capsules and dermis of skin? | dense irregular |
____ ____ tissue attaches muscles to bones or muscles | dense regular |
Dense regular tissue is located in: | tendons & ligaments |
Retcular tissue is located in: | lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen and liver |
Which loose connective tissue forms a soft internal skeleton that supports other cell types including white blood cells & macrophges | Reticular |
Macrophages are ___ | cells that eat bacteria, pathogens, etc |
Phagocytosis is the actual process of ___ | macrophages |
Elastic tissue is located | in the walls of large arteries |
3 main components of connective tissue: | extracellular matrix, fibers and cells |
What are the 3 types of fibers that provide support in connective tissue? | collagen, reticular, and elastic fibers |
short fine fibers are ___ fibers | reticular |
Chondrocytes | cartilage cells |
Osteocytes | bone cells |
Fibroblastasts | dense regular and irregular cells |
Major functions of connective tissue: | binding and support, insulating, protecting, transporting blood and storing reserve fuel |
fat cells | store nutrients |
white blood cells (lymphocytes) | tissue response to injury |
mast cells | initiate local response against pathogens |
Muscle tissues produce __ | movement |
3 forms of muscle tissues: | skeletal, cardiac and smooth |
Skeletal and cardiac are both: | striated |
cardiac and smooth are: | involuntary |
skeletal muscle is only muscle with ___ movement | voluntary |
cardiac muscles are found in | walls of the heart |
skeletal muscles are found in | the skeletal sysem |
smooth muscles are found in | hollow organs (blood vessels, urinary tract, organs and uterus) |
smooth muscles have ___ striations | no visible |
we use the __ muscle to make facial expressions | skeletal |
which muscle is spindle shaped? | smooth |
which muscle has 1 nucleus? | cardiac |
branching cells that fit together tightly at unique junctions are called: | intercalated discs |
nervous tissue function | regulates and control body functions |
3 main components of nervous tissue: | brain, spinal cord and nerves |
neurons are nerve cells that ___ | generate and conduct nerve impulses |
neuroglia are the: | supporting cells that support, insulate and protect neurons |
what responds to stimuli in nervous tissue? | dendrites |
what transmits electrical impulses in nervous tissue? | axons |
neurons transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors & effectors which ___, while ___ supports and protect neurons | control their activity , neuroglia |
3 types of covering and lining membranes | cutaneous, mucous and serous membrane |
cutaneous membrane | covers the body surface - skin |
which membrane is a dry membrane, exposed to air? | cutaneous membrane |
which membrane lines all body cavities open to the exterior? | mucous membrane |
mucosa indicates ___ not cell composition | location |
serous membrane is found in __ | closed ventral body cavity |
endocrine glands | secretes internally |
exocrine glands | excrete externally |
3 steps in tissue repair: | inflammation, organization and regeneration |
which step is the blood clot replaced w/ granulation tissue? | organization |
hephrin causes blood to: | thin |
histamine causes capillary walls to: | become permeable |
in inflammation: | inflammatory chemicals are released, blood vessels dilate, blood clots then isolates injuired area |
what happens when blood clots? | stops loss of blood, holds wounds together |
in regeneration the scab detaches, then: | fibrous tissue matures and epithelium thickens |
cartilage is __ | avascular |
all cartilage is made up of: | chondrocytes |
cartilage receives nutrients from the membrane surrounding it called the ___ | perichondrium |
which tissue has a prominent blood supply? | bone |
function of hyaline cartilage: | supports & reinforces |
hyaline cartilage is located in the: | nose, ribs, trachea, larnyx and ends of long bones |
elastic cartilage is located in: | ear and epilottis |
fibrocartilage is located in: | pubic symphysis, menisci and vertebral discs |
___ cartilage maintains shape of structure while flexible | elastic |
___ provides us with tensile strength and allows it to absorb compressive shock | fibrocartilage |
bone tissue is also known as: | osseous tissue |
bone tissue has more ___ than ___ | collagen, cartilage |
___ tissue synthesizrs blood cells | bone |
blood is made in the ___ | bone marrow |
platelets are needed for help w/: | blood clotting |
blood is considered a connective tissue b/c: | it develops from mesenchyme and consists of blood cells |
blood is located in the: | blood vessels |
___ functions in transporting respiratory gases, nutrients, waste,etc | blood |
what is the most atypical connective tissue and why? | blood - it does not connect or give things support |