Question | Answer |
ethanol distributes in __ phase of both plasma and erythrocytes | water |
ethanol levels are usually measured on __ specimens for uniformity | whole blood |
clearance of alcohol from the bloodstream is by zero-order kinetics, meaning __ | clearance occurs at a constant rate independant of concentration |
BAC of __% = slight mood alterations, mild sedation | 0.02 |
BAC of __% = lowered inhibition, impairment of judgment and less rational decisions | 0.06 |
BAC of __% = decreased reaction time (legally drunk) | 0.08 |
BAC of __% = impaired balance and coordination | 0.15 |
BAC of __% = decreased pain and sensation | 0.20 |
BAC of __% = diminished reflexes, semi-conscious | 0.30 |
BAC of __% = loss of consciousness, very limited reflexes | 0.40 |
BAC of __% = death | 0.50 |
United States madatory BAC limit for public driving > or = __% | 0.08 |
United States madatory BAC limit for public transportation employees (bus drivers) > or = __% | 0.01 |
United States madatory BAC limit for pilots > or = __% (also no alcohol in the last 8 hours) | 0.04 |
wood alcohol | methanol |
rubbing alcohol | isopropanol |
antifreeze | ethylene glycol |
Enzymatic assays utilizing alcohol dehydrogenase reaction may detect __ | all alcohols |
gas liquid chromatography provides __ results | qualitative and quantitative results |
applies to the handling of evidence and its integrity | chain of custody |
lab abnormalities associated with chronic alcohol use | macrocytosis, anemia, elevations in AST, ALT, GGT, CDT |
the two methods of pathology of cocaine | direct effect on sympathetic tone (vasoconstrictor), direct toxicity to myocardium |
false positive on screening for __ is high (NSAIDS, passive exposure) | cannabinoids |
is lipophilic and may stay in the system from days to weeks | THC |
Serum drug screen at Duke is used primarily for overdose and ETOH. It includess | acetaminophen, salicylate, tricyclics, ethanol |
amphetamine/metamphetamine can be detected in the blood for | 2-3 days |
benzodiazepines can be detected in the blood for | up to 4 weeks |
cocaine can be detected in the blood for | 2-4 hours |
cocaine metabolites may be detected in the blood for | 3-5 days |
opiates can be detected in the blood for | minutes |
THC can be detected in the blood for | up to 1 month |
PCP can be detected in the blood for | 2-3 days |