Term | Definition |
13th Amendment | ended slavery |
14th Amendment | citizenship for African Americans (but not Native Americans until 1924) |
15th Amendment | voting rights for black men (but not women until 19th Amendment- 1920) |
16th Amendment | income; demanded by Populists and Progressives as a response to unequal distribution of wealth |
17th Amendment | direct election of senators; response to "Millionaires Club" Senate |
18th Amendment | Prohibition of Alcohol; supported by both Fundamentalists and progressives; led to an increase in organized crime |
19th Amendment | women's suffrage; response to women's contributions during WWI; suffrage leaders included Susan B. Anthony, Carrie Chapman Catt, and Alice Paul |
21st Amendment | Repealed the 18th Amendment (Prohibition of Alcohol) |
Booker T. Washington | wanted blacks to achieve economic independence; encouraged vocational education (Tuskegee Institute) |
W.E.B. DuBois | Harvard educated black leader; wanted blacks to achieve social and political equality |
Great Migration | movement of 1.5 million blacks from the South to the North; led to the Harlem Renaissance (Langston Hughes) and the spread of Jazz (Duke Ellington/Louis Jordan) and Blues |
Harlem Hell fighters | segregated black army troops that fought in WWI |
Manifest Destiny | the belief that the U.S. was destined to take of North America; justification for westward expansion and imperialism |
Dawes Act | was passed to assimilate the Indians |
Transcontinental Railroad | Railroad linked the nation together in 1869; brought settler to the west |
Laissez-faire capitalism | led to the unequal distribution of wealth; most workers earned a few hundred dollars a year. this led to the rise of labor unions |
New Immigrants | began coming to America in the 1880s from southern and eastern Europe; moved to cities to find factory work |
Nativist | tried to restrict immigration; believed immigrants took jobs by working cheaply |
Chinese Exclusion Act | prohibited immigration of Chinese laborers |
Mass Marketing | began to develop in the late 19th century, as well as department stores, and five-and-dime stores |
Political Machines | were corrupt government organizations that got votes for favors |
Imperialism | the process of building an empire and dominating weaker nations economically, politically, or militarily |
Factors that drove imperialism | need for markets
need for raw minerals
desire for power and prestige
moral duty ("White man's burden") |
Open Door Policy | to keep the doors of trade open with China; led to the Boxer Rebellion in 1900 |