Person/ Event | Accomplishments |
Paleo People | lived more than 10,000 years ago
nomadic
hunted large animals - mammoths, mastadons
used tools made of stone |
Archaic People | 8000 BC - 1000 BC
simple shelters
moved with the seasons
hunted small game
began horticulture
made crude pottery |
Woodland People | 1000 BC - 1000 AD
dome-shaped huts
small villages
bow and arrow
baked pottery with designs |
Mississppian People | 700 AD - 1600 AD
larger villages
advanced agriculture
headdresses and body paint
mound builders |
Spanish Missions | located on the Georgia coast/barrier islands
Goal was to convert the Native cultures to Christianity |
Hernando de Soto | first European to explore Georgia (1540)
came looking for gold
brought disease to Native Americans
destroyed Native American way of life |
Reasons For Spanish Exploration | Gold-Riches
God-Conversion to Christianity
Glory-Power and land ownership |
Reasons For English Exploration | Gold-Natural Resources
Merchantilism-Trade back to England within the colonies
Exotic Spices-for Trade |
Reasons For French Exploration | Gold-Fur Trade
Glory- Land |
James Oglethorpe | founded Georgia
one of 21 trustees; only one to live in GA
opposed slavery in GA |
Charter of 1732 | Legal document granting colonial rights for 21 years
No slavery, liquor, Catholics (provided for protection from Spanish Florida) lawyers
Established the boundary as the Altamaha River, Savannah River and West to the Pacific Ocean
Reasons for settleme |
Trustees | Group of 21 men chosen to represent the King in Georgia
Made all rules for the Colony
Could not own land, hold office or profit from the colony
Motto for the colony-Non sibi sed Allis (Latin for Not for themselves but for others) |
City of Savannah | Location on the river was significant because it provided for defense
Also known as Yamacraw Bluff
First planned city in the British colonies-Designed by Robert Castell
Four Squares with 20 lots ea |
Chief Tomochichi | chief of Yamacraw Indians
agreed to share land with colonists
befriended Oglethorpe
helped defend colonists against Spanish
traveled to England to meet King George II |
Mary Musgrove | served as interpreter for Oglethorpe
part Native American, part British
ran a trading post in Savannah |
Salzburgers | came from Austria to colonies after being exiled for being Protestants
strong work ethic
against slavery
settled Ebenezer and New Ebenezer |
Highland Scots | from Scotland
skilled and fearless fighters
experienced in agriculture
against slavery
helped in the Battle of Bloody Marsh |
Malcontents | wealthy colonists who paid their own way to come to Georgia
issued formal complaint to the king about slavery, the restriction of rum, and limited land ownership |
John Reynolds | 1st Royal Governor of GA
unpopular and ineffective
established democratic government
set up court system
served 3 years |
Henry Ellis | 2nd Royal Governor of GA
allowed Georgians to have a voice in government
strengthened GA's militia
good relations with Native Americans
allowed slavery
served 3 years |
James Wright | 3rd Royal Governor of GA
strengthened Georgia's defense
popular and effective leader
attracted more settlers
served 16 years |
French and Indian War (aka Seven Years War) | Fought over control of Ohio River Valley
Between French (wanted fur trade opportunity) and British (wanted to control Western lands)
Led to increased taxes on the colonies by the British King to pay for the war |
Proclimation of 1763 | Moved Ga’s southern boundary to the St Marys River
Prevented westward migration over the Appalachian Mountains |
Stamp Act | Tax on all paper goods (newspaper, licenses, legal documents)
GA was the only colony to sell stamps |
Intolerable Acts | Punishment for the Boston Tea Party
Closed Port of Boston, Quarting Act (British soldiers housed in colonist homes), Prohibited town meetings, British officials tried in England |
Loyalists | colonists who remained loyal to Britain
also called tories
made up 1/3 of Georgians during the Revolution |
Patriots | colonists who were NOT loyal to Britain
fought for independence
made up 1/3 of Georgians during the Revolution
Also known as the Sons of Liberty or Liberty Boys |
Declaration of Independence | Letter signed by delegates listing problems with the King’s continued control of the colonies
Three parts of the Declaration: Preamble (Introduction), Body (List of Grievances), Conclusion |
Elijah Clark | led the colonial forces who defeated the British at the Battle of Kettle Creek |
Austin Dabney | slave who fought at the Battle of Kettle Creek
won his freedom and 50 acres of land for his brave service |
Nancy Hart | frontier woman who helped the patriots
acted as a spy
held Tory officers at musket point until helped arrived
the only woman to have a county named after her |
Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, George Walton | Georgians who signed the Declaration of Independence
helped write the Articles of Confederation |
Battle of Kettle Creek | Led by Elijah Clarke
Colonist gained supplies, weapons, horses and lifted their spirits |
Siege of Savannah | Savannah was held by British for 2 years during the Revolutionary War
The siege prevented supplies from being brought into the city |
Abraham Baldwin, William Few | Georgians who signed the United States Constitution |
Sequoya | also known as George Gist
Cherokee who created the syllabary, giving the Cherokee people a written language |
Alexander McGillivray | Chief of Creek Indians
led rebellions against settlers |
William McIntosh | Chief of Creek Indians
signed Treaty of Indian Springs, giving up all Creek land for $200,000
killed by his own people |
Samuel Worcester | white missionary to the Cherokee
postmaster at New Echota
stood up to federal gov't treatment of Cherokee
arrested for civil disobedience
Worcester V. Georgia court case was his attempt to help the Cherokee keep their land |
John Ross | Cherokee chief
tried to prevent Native Americans from losing their land
made trips to Washington D.C. to ask Congress for help |
Andrew Jackson | 7th President of the U.S.
signed bill that allowed the removal of the Cherokee people (trail of tears)
nicknamed "old Hickory" for being tough |
John Marshall | Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court
ruled in favor of the Cherokee but was ignored by President Jackson |
Dred Scott | slave who sued for his freedom after moving through free states with his master
U.S. Supreme Court refused to hear his case because he was not a citizen |
Alexander Stephens | Congressman who helped influence Georgia to accept the Compromise of 1850
Was against secession
Became Vice President of the Confederacy |
Abraham Lincoln | 16th President
wanted to stop slavery
elected in 1860 which led to the secession of Southern states |
William T. Sherman | Union general who successfully captured and burned Atlanta
Led the March to the Sea which caused the Confederacy to lose the will to fight |
Henry Wirz | commander at Andersonville Prison
executed for "excessive cruelty" because 13,000 men died at the prison of starvation and disease under his command |
Carpetbaggers | northerners who moved south after the Civil War to take advantage of reconstruction efforts
were resented by Southerners for their success and for taking leadership roles in the government |
Sharecroppers | former slaves and poor whites who agreed to farm a portion of land in return for housing and a share of the crops
often cheated by landowners |
Tenant Farmers | former slaves and poor whites who rented a portion of land to farm and paid the landowner money or a portion of the crop to help landowners keep their land
often made small profits |
Henry McNeal Turner | one of the first African-Americans to be elected to the Georgia General Assembly
expelled because the constitution didn't say they could hold office
suggested that blacks move back to Africa |
Bourbon Triumvirate | democratic leaders after Reconstruction
focused on a stronger economy based on industry instead of agriculture
supported lower taxes
believed in white supremacy |
Henry Grady | editor of Atlanta Constitution
promoted the idea of a "New South"
supported industry over agriculture
worked to improve race relations
helped establish GA Tech |
Tom Watson | leader of Populist Party
focused on helping small farmers
helped establish Rural Free Delivery
served in GA General Assembly and U.S. Congress |