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Social Studies
Murray 5th prd.
| Person/ Event | Accomplishments |
|---|---|
| Paleo People | lived more than 10,000 years ago nomadic hunted large animals - mammoths, mastadons used tools made of stone |
| Archaic People | 8000 BC - 1000 BC simple shelters moved with the seasons hunted small game began horticulture made crude pottery |
| Woodland People | 1000 BC - 1000 AD dome-shaped huts small villages bow and arrow baked pottery with designs |
| Mississppian People | 700 AD - 1600 AD larger villages advanced agriculture headdresses and body paint mound builders |
| Spanish Missions | located on the Georgia coast/barrier islands Goal was to convert the Native cultures to Christianity |
| Hernando de Soto | first European to explore Georgia (1540) came looking for gold brought disease to Native Americans destroyed Native American way of life |
| Reasons For Spanish Exploration | Gold-Riches God-Conversion to Christianity Glory-Power and land ownership |
| Reasons For English Exploration | Gold-Natural Resources Merchantilism-Trade back to England within the colonies Exotic Spices-for Trade |
| Reasons For French Exploration | Gold-Fur Trade Glory- Land |
| James Oglethorpe | founded Georgia one of 21 trustees; only one to live in GA opposed slavery in GA |
| Charter of 1732 | Legal document granting colonial rights for 21 years No slavery, liquor, Catholics (provided for protection from Spanish Florida) lawyers Established the boundary as the Altamaha River, Savannah River and West to the Pacific Ocean Reasons for settleme |
| Trustees | Group of 21 men chosen to represent the King in Georgia Made all rules for the Colony Could not own land, hold office or profit from the colony Motto for the colony-Non sibi sed Allis (Latin for Not for themselves but for others) |
| City of Savannah | Location on the river was significant because it provided for defense Also known as Yamacraw Bluff First planned city in the British colonies-Designed by Robert Castell Four Squares with 20 lots ea |
| Chief Tomochichi | chief of Yamacraw Indians agreed to share land with colonists befriended Oglethorpe helped defend colonists against Spanish traveled to England to meet King George II |
| Mary Musgrove | served as interpreter for Oglethorpe part Native American, part British ran a trading post in Savannah |
| Salzburgers | came from Austria to colonies after being exiled for being Protestants strong work ethic against slavery settled Ebenezer and New Ebenezer |
| Highland Scots | from Scotland skilled and fearless fighters experienced in agriculture against slavery helped in the Battle of Bloody Marsh |
| Malcontents | wealthy colonists who paid their own way to come to Georgia issued formal complaint to the king about slavery, the restriction of rum, and limited land ownership |
| John Reynolds | 1st Royal Governor of GA unpopular and ineffective established democratic government set up court system served 3 years |
| Henry Ellis | 2nd Royal Governor of GA allowed Georgians to have a voice in government strengthened GA's militia good relations with Native Americans allowed slavery served 3 years |
| James Wright | 3rd Royal Governor of GA strengthened Georgia's defense popular and effective leader attracted more settlers served 16 years |
| French and Indian War (aka Seven Years War) | Fought over control of Ohio River Valley Between French (wanted fur trade opportunity) and British (wanted to control Western lands) Led to increased taxes on the colonies by the British King to pay for the war |
| Proclimation of 1763 | Moved Ga’s southern boundary to the St Marys River Prevented westward migration over the Appalachian Mountains |
| Stamp Act | Tax on all paper goods (newspaper, licenses, legal documents) GA was the only colony to sell stamps |
| Intolerable Acts | Punishment for the Boston Tea Party Closed Port of Boston, Quarting Act (British soldiers housed in colonist homes), Prohibited town meetings, British officials tried in England |
| Loyalists | colonists who remained loyal to Britain also called tories made up 1/3 of Georgians during the Revolution |
| Patriots | colonists who were NOT loyal to Britain fought for independence made up 1/3 of Georgians during the Revolution Also known as the Sons of Liberty or Liberty Boys |
| Declaration of Independence | Letter signed by delegates listing problems with the King’s continued control of the colonies Three parts of the Declaration: Preamble (Introduction), Body (List of Grievances), Conclusion |
| Elijah Clark | led the colonial forces who defeated the British at the Battle of Kettle Creek |
| Austin Dabney | slave who fought at the Battle of Kettle Creek won his freedom and 50 acres of land for his brave service |
| Nancy Hart | frontier woman who helped the patriots acted as a spy held Tory officers at musket point until helped arrived the only woman to have a county named after her |
| Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, George Walton | Georgians who signed the Declaration of Independence helped write the Articles of Confederation |
| Battle of Kettle Creek | Led by Elijah Clarke Colonist gained supplies, weapons, horses and lifted their spirits |
| Siege of Savannah | Savannah was held by British for 2 years during the Revolutionary War The siege prevented supplies from being brought into the city |
| Abraham Baldwin, William Few | Georgians who signed the United States Constitution |
| Sequoya | also known as George Gist Cherokee who created the syllabary, giving the Cherokee people a written language |
| Alexander McGillivray | Chief of Creek Indians led rebellions against settlers |
| William McIntosh | Chief of Creek Indians signed Treaty of Indian Springs, giving up all Creek land for $200,000 killed by his own people |
| Samuel Worcester | white missionary to the Cherokee postmaster at New Echota stood up to federal gov't treatment of Cherokee arrested for civil disobedience Worcester V. Georgia court case was his attempt to help the Cherokee keep their land |
| John Ross | Cherokee chief tried to prevent Native Americans from losing their land made trips to Washington D.C. to ask Congress for help |
| Andrew Jackson | 7th President of the U.S. signed bill that allowed the removal of the Cherokee people (trail of tears) nicknamed "old Hickory" for being tough |
| John Marshall | Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Cherokee but was ignored by President Jackson |
| Dred Scott | slave who sued for his freedom after moving through free states with his master U.S. Supreme Court refused to hear his case because he was not a citizen |
| Alexander Stephens | Congressman who helped influence Georgia to accept the Compromise of 1850 Was against secession Became Vice President of the Confederacy |
| Abraham Lincoln | 16th President wanted to stop slavery elected in 1860 which led to the secession of Southern states |
| William T. Sherman | Union general who successfully captured and burned Atlanta Led the March to the Sea which caused the Confederacy to lose the will to fight |
| Henry Wirz | commander at Andersonville Prison executed for "excessive cruelty" because 13,000 men died at the prison of starvation and disease under his command |
| Carpetbaggers | northerners who moved south after the Civil War to take advantage of reconstruction efforts were resented by Southerners for their success and for taking leadership roles in the government |
| Sharecroppers | former slaves and poor whites who agreed to farm a portion of land in return for housing and a share of the crops often cheated by landowners |
| Tenant Farmers | former slaves and poor whites who rented a portion of land to farm and paid the landowner money or a portion of the crop to help landowners keep their land often made small profits |
| Henry McNeal Turner | one of the first African-Americans to be elected to the Georgia General Assembly expelled because the constitution didn't say they could hold office suggested that blacks move back to Africa |
| Bourbon Triumvirate | democratic leaders after Reconstruction focused on a stronger economy based on industry instead of agriculture supported lower taxes believed in white supremacy |
| Henry Grady | editor of Atlanta Constitution promoted the idea of a "New South" supported industry over agriculture worked to improve race relations helped establish GA Tech |
| Tom Watson | leader of Populist Party focused on helping small farmers helped establish Rural Free Delivery served in GA General Assembly and U.S. Congress |
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