Question | Answer |
What is a monopoly? | A single company that controls an entire industry. |
Why do countries practice imperialism? | Power and respect
Natural resources
Increased trade and economic power
To spread culture, religion and form of government
Strategic or military advantage |
Who are indigenous people? | People who are native to a country(often refers to those in a colony who have been taken over by another country). |
What is a colony? | A nation or territory that has been taken over by another. |
Industrial Revolution | Machines and factories replaced
Hand-made Products and human labor
First happened in England in late 1700s. |
Effects of Industrialization | Growth of critics
Rise in crime
Pollution and disease
Overcrowding and poor housing
Rise in low-skilled labor; anyone can get a job but workers are easily replaced
Low pay, long hours, bad working conditions |
The Enlightenment | People have natural born rights
Government has limited power
Citizens have freedom of speech and religion
Focus on scientific and intellectual study |
Labor Union | A group of workers who join together to fight for better working conditions and higher wages |
What is a dictatorship? | Rule by one person
Power gained and kept by force and fear
No freedoms and individual rights
Secret police to stop dissent
Dictatorships: Germany in WWII (Hitler)
Totalitarian |
What is a democracy(democratic government)? | Government ruled by the people
Citizens have freedom, rights, liberties
Right to vote
Democratic Countries: US, Canada, Great Britain, Germany, Mexico |
Judicial Review | Supreme court's power to declare laws constitutional/unconstitutional |
3 branches of US government | Legislative branch- Makes laws Congress(House + Senate)
Executive branch- Enforces laws (President)
Judicial branch- Interprets laws (Supreme Court) |
Market Economy(Capitalism) | Economic decisions(what to make, buy, price)
Supply and demand
Free enterprise(anyone can start a business)
Private ownership and property |
Traditional Economy | Based on custom & tradition (generations do the same thing)
Farming, often with primitive tools
Usually among the poorest countries in the world |
What is a theocracy? | Rule by religious leaders
No freedom of religion
Iran |
Command Economy(Communism) | Economic decisions made by government
Government owns everything
No profit or free enterprise
Government totally controls society in order to make everyone equal |
Laissez faire economic policy | Government is "hands off"
Few regulations
No overtime pay, safety regulations, minimum wage, etc. |
What is monarchy? | Ruled by king/queen/czar
Power through family line
Two types- Absolute: total power Constitutional: Figurehead ruled by or government |
Urban, Rural, Suburban | Urban: City
Rural: "Country", farm areas
Suburban: Town (area outside a large city) |
Gross National Product(GNP)/ Gross Domestic Policy(GDP) | Total value of all goods and services produced in a country in a year
Production: How much "stuff" a country makes |
What makes a source "credible"? | An argument is based on facts, not opinions
The writer is free of bias |
Interest Rate | Additional money that must be paid on top of a loan
Additional money gained on a savings account |
19th, 26th Amendements | 19th Amendment- women's right to vote
26th Amendment- 18 years old right to vote |
13th, 14th, 15th Amendments | 13th-banned slavery
14th-equal citizenship for all/equal protection under the law
15th-voting rights regardless of race |
Franchise, suffrage | Franchise-the right to vote
Disenfranchise- to deny the right to vote |
Civil Disobedience | Intentionally breaking a law to change it
sit-ins, marches, Rosa Parks, etc. |
What is a tariff? | A tax on an import (foreign good)
Purpose: to make foreign goods more expensive, encouraging the purchase of American goods |
Import/Export | Import: A good made in another country and sold in the U.S.
Export: A good made in the U.S. and sold to other countries |
1st Amendment Rights | Freedom of:
Religion
Speech
Assembly
Press
Petition |
Two types of segregation | Segregation- to separate
De jure segregation-segregation by law (on purpose) bathrooms, cemeteries and schools
De facto segregation-segregation by circumstance (unintentional) |
Segregation continued | De facto- certain cities and schools where all black kids or mostly black kids live and vice versa for whites. People live with their own kind unintentionally |
Plessy v. Ferguson | Supreme court case in 1896 that established "separate but equal." Said segregation was ok. |
Federal Reserve | National bank of U.S.; controls interest rates, loans money to banks and controls flow of money.
-If economy is bad: Fed. will lower interest rates to make it easier to borrow money |
Federal Reserve (cont.) | -If economy is good: Fed. will raise interest rates to prevent inflation. |
Initiative | Citizens can propose a law that does not yet exist.
-petition, get enough signatures, submit it, statewide vote |
Referendum | Citizens can remove a state law that already exists
-petition, get enough signatures, submit it, statewide vote |
Types of "citizen action' (how to get things done) | Start a petition
Contact your representative (congress person or senator)
Attend/speak at a city council meeting
Run for office |
Inflation | When the value of a dollar goes down
-you can't buy as much as you used to with the same amount of money |
Brown v. Board of Education | Supreme court case in 1954 that outlawed segregation in schools
reversed plessy vs. ferguson ruling |
Roe vs Wade | Supreme court ruling in 1973 legalizing abortion |
Schenck vs U.S. | During WWI, Supreme Court ruled that government can restrict free speech if your speech causes "clear and present danger."
easier for government to restrict rights during war |