MUSCLE | ORIGIN | INSERTION | ACTION | INNERVATION |
Scalenes | TVP's of cervical vertebrae | First and Second ribs | Assist w/neck flexion, laterally bending | Lower Cervical Nerves |
Rectus Abdominis | Pubis | Xiphoid process, costal cartilage of ribs 5-7 | Trunk flexion | 7-12 intercostal nerves |
Internal Obliques | Inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia | ribs 10-12, abdominal aponeurosis | Trunk flexion bilat., laterally bending and rotation to the same side | 8-12 intercostal nerves, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal nerves |
External Obliques | lateral surface of last 8 ribs | iliac crest, linea alba | trunk flexion bilat. lateral bending and rotation to the opposite side | 8-12 intercostal nerves, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal nerves |
Transverse Abdominis | Inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, last 6 ribs | abdominal aponeurosis, linea alba | compression of abdominal contents | 7-12 intercostal nerves, iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal nerves |
Erector Spinae (spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis) | Spinous processes, TVP's, Ribs from occiput to sacrum and ilium | same as origin | trunk extension and lateral bending | spinal nerves |
Transversospinalis (semispinalis, multifidi, rotatores) | TVP below | Spinous process above | trunk extension, rotation to the opposite side | spinal nerves |
Intertransversarii | TVP below | TVP above | trunk lateral bending | spinal nerves |
Interspinales | Spinous Process below | Spinous process above | trunk extension | spinal nerves |
Quadratus Lumborum | Iliac crest | 12th rib, TVP's of L1-L5 | Hip hiking, trunk lateral bending | T12; L1 |
Sternocleidomastoid | Sternum; Clavicle | Mastoid Process | Neck flexion, head hyperextension, lateral bending and rotation to the opposite side | Cranial Nerve XI, C2-C3 |
Splenius Capitis | Lower half of nuchal ligament; spinous processes of C7-T3 | Occiput and mastoid process | Head & neck extension, laterally flex and rotate head to same side | Middle/Lower cervical nerves |
Splenius Cervicis | Spinous Processes of T3-T6 | TVP's of C1-C3 | neck extension, laterally flex and rotate neck to same side | Middle/Lower cervical nerves |