Muscle | All | Action | Origin | Insertion |
Frontalis
(occipitofrontalis) | -[A]- Raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead (F only)
-[O]- Galea aponeurotica (both)
-[I]- skin above eyebrows (F only) | -[A]- Raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead (F only) | -[O]- Galea aponeurotica (both) | -[I]- skin above eyebrows (F only) |
Occipitalis
(occipitofrontalis) | -[A]- Anchors & retracts galea posteriorly (O only)
-[O]- Galea aponeurotica (both)
-[I]- Superior nuchal line of occiput (O only) | -[A]- Anchors & retracts galea posteriorly (O only) | -[O]- Galea aponeurotica (both) | -[I]- Superior nuchal line of occiput (O only) |
Temporalis | -[A]- Elevates & retracts mandible
-[O]- Temporal fossa & fascia
-[I]- Mandible: Coronoid process | -[A]- Elevates & retracts mandible | -[O]- Temporal fossa & fascia | -[I]- Mandible: Coronoid process |
Masseter | -[A]- Elevates mandible.
UniL: moves jaw laterally to same side.
-[O]- Zygomatic arch
-[I]- Angle & ramus of mandible | -[A]- Elevates mandible
UniL: moves jaw laterally to same side. | -[O]- Zygomatic arch | -[I]- Angle & ramus of mandible |
Sternocleidomastoid | -[A]- UniL: Laterally flexes head to same side
Rotates head to opp. side
BiL: Flexes neck
Assists inhalation
-[O]- Sternal Head: top of manubrium
Clavicular Head: Medial 1/3 of clavicle
-[I]- Temporal: Mastiod process;
lateral superior nuchal | -[A]-UniL: Laterally flexes head to same side. Rotates head to opp. side.
BiL: Flexes neck. Assists inhalation. | -[O]- Sternal Head: top of manubrium.
Clavicular Head: Medial 1/3 of clavicle. | -[I]- Mastiod process of temporal bone;
lateral superior nuchal line of occiput |
Scalenes (anterior) | -[A]- BiL: Elevate ribs during inhalation.
Flex neck (ant scalene only)
UniL: w/fixed ribs, laterally flex neck to same side. Rotate head & neck to opp. side
-[O]- Trans Process C-3 to C-6 (ant. tubercles)
-[I]- 1st rib | -[A]- BiL: Elevate ribs during inhalation.
Flex neck (ant. scalene only)
UniL: w/fixed ribs, laterally flex neck to same side. Rotate head & neck to opp. side | -[O]- Trans Process C-3 to C-6 (ant. tubercles) | -[I]- 1st rib |
Scalenes (medius) | -[A]- BiL: Elevate ribs during inhalation.
UniL: w/fixed ribs, laterally flex neck to same side. Rotate head & neck to opp. side.
-[O]- Trans Process C-2 to C-7 (post. tubercles)
-[I]- 1st rib | -[A]- BiL: Elevate ribs during inhalation.
UniL: w/fixed ribs, laterally flex neck to same side. Rotate head & neck to opp. side. | -[O]- Trans Process C-2 to C-7 (post. tubercles) | -[I]- 1st rib |
Scalenes (posterior) | -[A]- BiL: Elevate ribs during inhalation.
UniL: w/fixed ribs, laterally flex neck to same side. Rotate head & neck to opp. side.
-[O]- Trans Process C-5 & C-6 (post. tubercles)
-[I]- 2nd rib | -[A]- BiL: Elevate ribs during inhalation.
UniL: w/fixed ribs, laterally flex neck to same side. Rotate head & neck to opp. side | -[O]- Trans Process C-5 & C-6 (post. tubercles) | -[I]- 2nd rib |