Question | Answer |
Nationalism | Russia felt they were the protector of Slavic people, including Serbia. Serbia was under control of Austria-Hungary |
Imperialism | Germany, France, Great Britain competed for colonial possessions for raw materials and new markets. |
Militarism | Germany, France, Italy, Japan, U.S all competed in first version of an arms race. |
Alliance System | Triple Entente, Triple Alliance. Italy leaves and Ottoman Empire joined Germany/Austria-Hungary becomes Central Powers |
Triple Alliance | Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire |
Triple Entente | France, Russia, Great Britain |
Franz Ferdinand | Heir to Austro-Hungarian throne |
"Trip to Sarajevo" | Franz was inspector general of the austria-hungarian army |
"The Powder Keg" | European smallest problem lead to a huge issue(major conflict) |
"The Black Hand" | Group wanted Bosnia to leave Austrio-Hungarian Empire |
"The End and Beginning" | Gavrillo Princip assassin killed Franz and Sophie when they took the wrong turn and their car stopped. |
Hold Russia on the eastern front and go through Belgium to Paris | German Strategy #1 |
After France falls, the western front army would help eastern front defeat czarist Russia | German Strategy #2 |
"Trench Warfare" | British and French forces stopped German forces |
Italian Front | Austria-Hungary and Italy |
Rats carried disease and gnawed at soldiers. Rotting corpses and gas filled landscape | "Trench Warfare" |
"European Problem" | Americans felt that this was no place for U.S. involvement |
British Blockade | German coastline blockaded by British ships |
German U-Boats | Kaiser Wilhelm, all cargo headed for Britain would be considered contraband. Killed approx. 75,000 people. Allied propaganda used |
Sinking of Lusitania | Sunk on the coast of Ireland 1915. Killed 128 Americans. 3 more Americans killed in 1916. |
Election of 1916 | Woodrow Wilson v. Charles Evans Hughes |
Wilson's campaign slogan | "He Kept Us Out Of War" |
Wilson called for... | "Peace without victory", wanted League of Nations work for Democracy |
Baron Von Richtofen | "The Red Baron" |
Zimmerman Telegram | Sent to German ambassador in Mexico. Wanted Mexico to declare war on U.S. Germany promised full support. U.S. declares war |
American Preparation | Selective Service Act Passed- 1917. 13,000 women enlisted non-combat positions. U.S. not ready for war, Equipment and soldiers |
The Convoy System | Merchant ships surrounded by destroyers and cruisers. |
American troops led by | General John Pershing |
Nickname for American troops | "Doughboys" |
U.S. forces fought by themselves for the most part | Breaking the Blockade |
German Grand Fleet | Ordered out to sea, sailors and marines refused to man the ships. |
Eleventh hour, eleventh day, eleventh month | Germany agreed to cease= fire that ended the war |
Toll of War | 9 million military/10 million civilian deaths |
Wilson at Versailles | 14 points speech |
1st area of Versailles | No secret treaties, freedom of seas must be maintained, tariffs lowered, arms reduction, colonial policies had to change |
2nd area of Versailles | "self-determination". distinct ethnic identities had a choice to what nations they would belong to. |
League of Nations | Forum for nations to discuss and settle their grievances without going to war |
Treaty of Versailles | Germany forced to pay reparations(war debts) $33 billion |
Problems with Treaty | Germany humiliated, Russia felt left out of treaty process. Germany stripped most colonial possessions |