Question | Answer |
What groups branched from the group deuterastomes? | Echinoderms (spiny skin), Hemichordata (acorn worms with nerve cord in collar only, and chordata. |
What are distinguishing features of chordates? | Notochord, DHNC, post-anal tail, phayngeal slits, and thyroid/urostyle. |
What subphylums stem from phylum chordata? | Cephalachordata (notochord extending into head, amphioxis), Urochordata (notochord in tail of larvae, tunicates), and vertebrae (cranium and vertebrae). |
What superclasses stem from subphylum vertabrata? | Agnatha (no jaw, first vertebra) and Gnathastomes (with jaw). |
What subclasses stem from agnatha? | Myxinoidea (sucking mouth, mucous glands, hagfish), petromyzontida (rasping tongue, parasitic, lamprey), and ostracodermi (shell skin, first bone, extinct). |
What classes stem from superclass agnatha? | Placodermi (plate skin, first jaw, armored fish), chondrichthyes (cartilage fish, no bone, sharks), and osteichthyes (bony fish, bony scales) |
What subclasses stem from class osteichthyes? | Actinopterygii (ray finned fish) and Sarcopterygii (lobe finned fish, coelacanths) |