| Question | Answer |
| Receptor | a cellular factor that recognizes and binds a specific ligand to induce a response |
| Ligand | a molecule bound by another molecule such as a receptor |
| Intercellular Signaling Molecule | nutrient ligand secreted by one cell to induce a response in another cell |
| Hormone | intercellular signaling molecule that controls metabolism or physiology |
| Growth factor | intercellular signaling molecule that controls cell cycle progression, cellular differentiation, or morphogenesis during development |
| Cytokine | growth factor involved with hematopoiesis |
| Isoreceptors | different receptors bound and activated by the same ligand, often inducing distinct responses in different cells |
| Paracrine | for an intercellular signaling molecule to diffuse over a short distance, usually through interstitial spaces, to induce a response |
| Endocrine | for an intercellular signaling molecule to diffuse through the blood |
| Hydrophobic Ligands | Steroids (cholesterol derivatives)
Fatty acid derivatives (prostoglandins, retinoic acid) |
| Hydrophilic Ligands | Amino acid derivatives (catecholamines-tyrosine, histamine-histidine, serotonin-tryptophan)
Peptides and proteins (insulin, glucagon, FSH, TGFβ, etc.)
Nucleotides (cAMP)
No carbohydrates - this is the only major class of biochemicals not used as recept |
| Transport proteins | action potential initiation & propagation |
| Serine/threonine Kinases | Tissue Differentiation
Tissue Patterning
Immunosuppression
Cell Cycle progression |
| Seven Receptor Transmembrane | blood glucose levels
metabolism
menstrual cycle
inflamation
glycogenolysis |
| Tyrosine Kinases | blood glucose levels
metabolism
cell proliferation
cell cycle progression
differentiation
apoptosis.
glycogen synthesis |
| TGF-b | Tissue Differentiation
Tissue Patterning
Immunosuppression
Cell Cycle progression |
| Ras | TYROSINE KINASES
metabolism
glycogen synthesis
blood glucose levels
cell cycle progression
apoptosis.
differentiation |
| Phosphoinositide | TYROSINE KINASE
cell proliferation |
| cAMP | SEVEN TRANSMEMBRANE RECEPTOR
blood glucose levels
metabolism
glycogenolysis
menstrual cycle
inflamation |
| synaptic ligand-gated ion channels | TRANSPORT PROTEINS
action propagation initiation & potential |
