Question | Answer |
The organ system necessary for movement. | Skeletal,Nervous,Respiratory,
Circulatory Systems |
Is moved by muscle, provides framework | Skeletal System |
Sends electrical impulses to move muscles | Nervous System |
Provides Oxygen aka exchanges | Respiratory System |
Carries oxygen to muscle and takes away carbon
dioxide aka Transports | Ciculatory System |
The Functions of the muscular system are to: | Move the skeleton
Produce Heat |
None moveable part, proximal attachment
aka stationary, stable | Origin of Muscle |
Movable part, distal attachment | Insertion of Muscle |
Has to relax to the opposing, let prime movers do movement | Antagonistic |
Prime Mover | Agonistic |
Are those with the same function, or those who work together to perform a particular function | Synergistic Muscles |
Prime mover and Agonist are the | Same |
The state of slight contraction presented in healthy muscles; regulated by the cerebellum | Muscle Tone |
Muscle tone is regulated by the | cerebellum |
Muscles contract and bring about movement | Isotonic exercise |
Involves contraction without movenent | Isometric exercise |
Shortens muscle and brings about movement | Concentric contraction |
Lengthens muscle | Eccentric contraction |
What energy sources do we need for muscle contraction? | ATP (direct source) |
What energy source is most abundant? | Glycogen |
What two sources provide O2 to the muscles and what do they have in common? | Hemoglobin in RBCs
Myoglobin in Muscle
both contain Iron |
Muscle fibers may literally run out of oxygen?
strenuous exercise oxygen used up | Oxygen debt |
Where does the patellar tendon/quad tendon inserts. | Tibial Tuberosity |
Name the muscles that do hip adduction? | Pectineus,Adductor Magnus,Adductor Longus, Adductor Brevis,Gracilis |
Name the muscles that do elbow flexion ? | Biceps Palm up, Brachialis Palm down,
Brachioradialis Thumb up |
Name the muscles that make up the quadriceps? | Rectus Femoris,Vastus lateralis,Vastus medialis,Vastus intermedius |
Identify four muscles that make up the hamstring? | biceps femoris long head and short head, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, |
What are the 4 muscles of the rotator cuff? | Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus
Teres Minor, Subscapularis |
Extend Hip and Flex Knee | Hamstings |
Extend Knee | Quadriceps |
Abduction of shoulder | Supraspinatus |
Lateral Rotation | Infraspinatus, Teres Minor |
Medial Rotation | Subscapularis |
Attaches to calcaneous | Achillis Tendon |
2 joint muscles, crosses Knee and ankle | Gastocnemius |
Crosses ankle | Soleus |
Tippy Toe, planter flexion | Gastocnemius, Soleus |
Hip extender | Gluteus Maximus |
Abduction Hip | Gluteus Medius |
Flexion Hip and Knee, crosses legs | Sartorius |
Flexion Hip Extends Knee | Rectus Femoris |
Prime hip flexor | Iliopsoas |
Adduction of the thigh | Adductor longus, Adductor Brevis, Adductor Magnus, Gracilis, Pectineus |
Flexes the trunk, compresses abdomen | Rectus abdominis |
This muscle is a common injection site | Deltoid |
Deltoid has three different sections. | Anterior-Flexion
Middle-Abduction
posterior-Extension |
Flexes the proximal and middle phalanges | Flexor Digitorum Superficialis |
Flexes the proximal, middle, and distal phlanges | Flexor Digitorum Profundus |
Known as the trumpet muscle | Buccinator |
Closes the eyes | Orbicularis Oculi |
Puckers lips | Orbicularis Oris |
Attaches mandible, raises the lower jaw
chewing | Masseter |
Raises the eyebrows | Frontalis |
Shoulder Shrug | Trapeizus |
Dorsal Flexion | Anterior Tibialis |
Flex trunk and compresses abdomen | Rectus Adominuis |
Extension of Arm | Triceps |
Bend flex elbow | Biceps |
Pulls arm into the body and across the body | Pectoralis Major and Pectoralis Minor |
At rest the sarcolemma is in the state of Polarization where it has a __charge on the outside and a ___ charge on the inside. | Positive Charge Outside
Negative Charge Inside |
Polarization __ is more abundant outside and __ is more abundant inside the cell | Sodium Na+
Potassium K+ |
A nerve impulse arrives at __ and___ is released and diffuses across the synapse to the sarcolemma. | Axon terminal
Acetylcholine |
Acetylcholine bonds to acetylcholne receptors and makes the sarcolemma more permeable to __ which rush into the cell | Sodium Ions |
The sarcolemma Depolarizes,so now sodium is inside the cell giving it a ____charge inside and ____charge outside. | Positive Charge inside
Negative Charge outside |
Depolarization stimulates the release of __ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. | Calcium Ions |
Calcium Ions bond to ___ which shifts it away from the ___ filaments, making___available to bond,form a cross-bridge with myosin. | Troponin
actin,actin |
___attaches to the actin filaments and pulls them toward the center of the sarcomere, thus making the sarcomere shorter. | Myosin |
All of the ____in a muscle fiber shorten and therefore the entire muscle fiber contracts. | Sarcomere |
____ is required to break the myosin-actin cross-bridge | ATP |
Repolarization occurs with the ____ of the muscle. | relaxation |
When the ____ is repolarizes it becomes very permeable to ____ which initially rush out of the cell. | Sarcolemma
Potassium Ions |
The sodium and potassium pumps return ___ outside and _____inside which will restore the charges to ___outside and ___ inside | Sodium outside, Potassium inside
positive negative |
___ in the sarcolemma inactivates _____. When there are no further impulses, the muscle fibers will relax and return to its orginal length | Cholinesterase
Acetylcholine |
With Repolarization ___returned to the ____ | Calcium
Sarcoplasmic reticlum |