Question | Answer |
superficial pectoral muscles | P:first 2 sternebra, fibrous raphe between adjacent muscle D:whole crest of greater tubercle of humerus A:adduct limb when nonweightbaring, prevent limb from beeng abducted when weightbaring |
deep pectoral muscles | P:ventral part of sternum and fibrous raphe between fellow muscles, deep abd. fascia in region of xiphoid cratilage, D: major portion on lesser tubercle of humerus, an aponeurosis to the greater tubercle, caudal part to medial brachial fascia, A: pull tru |
function deep pectoral | when limb is advanced and fixed to pull trunk cranially, when limb is not supporting weight, to draw limb caudally and flex shoulder joint, to adductlimb |
brachiocephalicus | has clavicular intersection with vestigual clavicle on deep surface, divided into cleidobrachialis and 2 muscles prox. to clavicular int. |
cleidobrachialis | distal to clavicular intersection, attaches to humerus on distal end of cranial border |
cleidocervicalis | cranial half of mid-dorsal fibrous raphe and sometimes nuchal crest of occipital bone |
cleidomasteideus | attaches to mastoid part of temporal bone, with sternomastoideus m. |
function of cleidocervicalis, cleidomastoideus, cleidobrachialis | avance limb, extend shoulder joint, draw neck and head to side |
sternocephalicus | P: manubrium, D: mastoid part of temporal bone and nuchal crest of occipital bone |
function of sternocephalicus | draw head and neck to side |
sternothyroideus | P:first costal cartilage, D: caudolateral surface of thyroid cartilage |
function of sternothyroideus | draw tongue and larynx caudally |
omotransversarius | straplike, deeper plane than cleidocephalicus: attachm.: distal ed of spine of scapula, cranially the transverse wing of atlas, |
funct. omotransversarius | advance limb or flex neck laterally |
trapezius, cervical and thoracic part | P:median raphe of neck and supraspinous ligament from level of 3rd cervical vertebra to level of 9th thoracic v. D: spine of scapula |
funct. trapezius | elevate and abduct forelimb |
romboideus, 3 parts: r. capitis, r. cervicis, r. thoracis | P: nuchal crest of occipital bone, median fibrous raphe of neck, spinous processes of 1rst. seven thoracic v. D: dorsal border and surface of scapula |
funct: rhomboideus | elevate forelimb and draw scapula against trunk |
latissimus dorsi | P;thoracolumbar fascia from spin. proc. of lumbar and last 7 thoracic v., muscular att. to last 2-3 ribs, D: teres major tub. and teres major tendon |
funct. latissimus dorsi | draw free limb caudally as in digging, flex shoulder joint |
thoracolumbar fascia | deep fascia of trunk, arises from supraspinous ligament and spines of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae |
linea alba | raphe o ventral midline formed by thoracolumbar fascia comming together from each side |
serratus ventralis | P; transverse proc. of last 5 cervical v. and first 7 or 8 ribs ventral to their midline, D: dorsomedial third of scapula |
fuct. serratus ventralis | support trunk and depress scapula |
deltoideus | 2 portions that fuse and act in common, P; spine of acromial process of scapula, D: deltoid tuberosity, A: flex shoulder joint |
infraspinatus | P: infraspinous fossa, D: small circumscribed area on lat. side of greater tubercle of humerus |
funct. and special feature of infraspinatus | extend flex joint, abduct sholder and rotate arm laterally, lat. stability for shoulder joint, hides subtendinous synoivial bursa |
teres minor | wedge shaped, P: infraglenoid tubercle and dist. 3rd of caud. border of scapula, D: teres minor tuberosity of humerus A: flex shoulder and rotate arm laterally |
supraspinatus | P: supraspinous fossa, D: greater tubercle, by a thick tendon, A: extend and stabilize shoulder joint |
subscapularis | P: subscapular fossa, D: lesser tubercle f humerus, A: adduct, extend and medially stabilize shoulder joint |
teres major | P: caud. angle and caud. border of scapula, caudal surface of subscapularis, D: teres major tuberosity, A: flex shoulder and rotate arm medially |
coracobrachialis | P: coracoid process of scapula, D: crest of lesser tubercle, proximal to teres major tuberosity, A: adduct, extend and stabilize shoulder |
tensor fasciae antebrachii | P: fascia covering lateral side of latissimus dorsi, D: olecranon, A: exted elbow |
triceps brachii | 4 heads: long head, lateral head, accessory head, medial head |
long head triceps brachii | P: caudal border of scapula, D: olecranon tuber, A: extend shoulder and flex elbow |
lateral head triceps brachii | P: tricipital line of humerus, D: olecranon tuber, A: extend elbow |
accessory head triceps brachii | P: neck of humerus, D: olecranon tuber, A: extend elbow |
medial head triceps brachii | P: crest of lesser tubercle near teres major tuberosity, D: olecranon, A: extend elbow |
anconeus | P: lat. supracondylar crest and lat. and medial epicondyle of humerus, D:lat surface and prox. end of ulna, A: extend elbow |
biceps brachii | P: supragenoid tubercle, D: ulnar and radial tuberosity, A: flex elbow and extend shoulder joint |
brachialis | P: prox. 3rd of lateral surface of humerus, D: ulnar and radial tuberosity, A: flex elbow |
extensor carpi radialis | largest of cranilat. antibrachii m., P: lat. supracondylar crest, D: small tuberosity on dorsal surfaces of the base of metacarpals 2-3, A: extend carpus |
common digital extensor | caud. to extensor carp. radialis, P: lat. epicondyle of humerus, D: extensor processes of distal phalanges 2,3,4,5 A: extend joints of 4 princ. digits and carpus |
lateral digital extensor | : lat. epicondyle of humerus, D: prox. ends of all phalanges of d. 3,4,5 and extensor processes of dist. phalanges, A: extend carpus and joints 3,4,5 |
ulnaris lateralis | P; lat epicondyle of humerus, D: lat. aspect of proximal end of metacarpal 5 and the accessory carpal bone, A: abduct and flex carpus |
supinator | P: lat. epicondyle of humerus, D: cranial surface of prox. 4th of the radius, A: rotate forearm laterally, supinate |
abductor pollicis longus | P: lat. border and cran. surface of the body of ulna, interosseus membrane, D: proximal end of metacarpal 1, A: adbuct 1rst. digit or pollex, extend carpal joint |
pronator terres | extend obliquely across medial surface of elbow, P: medial epicondule, D: med. border of radius, between pro. and mid. 3rds, A: rotate forearm medially, pronate, flex elbow |
flexor carpi radialis | P: med. epicondyle of humerus and med. border of radius, D: palmar side of base of metacarp. 2,3, A: flex carpus |
superficial digital flexor | P: medial epicondyle of humerus, D: palmar surface of base of mid. phalang. of digits 2,3,4,5, A: flex carpus, metacarpophalangeal and prox interphal. joints of digits 2,3,4,5 |
Flexor carpi ulnaris | 2 heads, ulnar and humeral head |
ulnar head of flexor carpi ulnaris | P: caud. border of medial surface of olocranon, D: accessory carpal bone, A: flex carpus |
humeral head of flexor carpi ulnaris | P: medial epiconyle of humerus, D: accessory carpal bone, A: flex carpus |
deep digital flexor | 3 heads, humeral, ulnar, radial |
humeral head of deep digital flexor | P: med. epicondyle of humerus, D: palmar surface of prox. end of distal phalanx of each digit, A: flex carpus, metacarpophalangeal joints and proximal and interphalangeal joints of digits |
ulnar head of deep digital flexor | P: prox. 3/4 of caudal border of the ulna. D: palmar surface of prox. end of dist. phalanx of each digit. A:flex carpus, metacarpophalangeal joints and proximal and interphalangeal joints of digits |
radial head of deep d. flexor | P: middle third of med. border of radius, D: palmarsurface of prox. end of distal phalanx of each digit, A:flex carpus, metacarpophalangeal joints and proximal and interphalangeal joints of digits |
pronator quadratus | attachements: apposed surfaces of radius and ulna |
interossei | 4muscles deep to d.digital flexor tendon, cover palmar surface of main metacarp. bones, each arise from base of resp. metacarpal bone and carp. joint capsule, each divides into 2 tendons with sesamoid, A: flexor of m. joint and maintains joint angle |
biceps femoris | P:sacrotuberous ligament + ischiatic tuberosity;D:by means of fascia lata and crural fascia to patella, p. ligament, cranial border of tibia, to sq part of tibial body, tuber calcanei |
funct. biceps femoris | extend hip, stifle, hock, caudal part of muscle flexes stifle |
semitendinous | P:ischiatic tuberosity, D:proximo-cranial border of the tibia, medial surface of the body of tibia and tuber calcanei by means of crural fascia,A:extend hip, flex stifle, extend hock |
semimembranosos | P: ischiatic tuberosity, D:dist. med. lip of caud. rough surface of femur and prox end of tibia |
funct. of semimembranosos | extend hip, the part that attaches to femur extends stifle, the part that attaches to the tibia, flexes or extends the stifle, depending on the position of the limb |
sartorius | 2 parts, functions: cranial part extends stifle, caudal part flexes stifle |
cranial part of sartorius | P:crest of ilium and thoracolumbar fascia,D: patella, in common with rectus femoris of the quadriceps |
caudal part of sartorius | P:cranial ventral iliac spine and adjacent ventral border of ilium, D:cranial border of the tibia in common with the gracilis |
gracilis | P:pelvic symphysis by means of symphysial tendon, D: cranial border of tibia and with the semitendinous, the tuber calcanei, A: adduct limb, flex stifle, extend hip and hock |
pectineus | P:iliopubic eminence and pubic tubercle via prepubic tendon, D: distal end of medial lip of caud. rough face of femur, A: adduct limb |
adductor | P:entire p. sympysis by means of symphysial tendon,adj. part of ischiatic arch and ventr. surf. of pubis and ischium,D:entire lat. lip of caud. rough face of femur, A:adduct limb, extend hip |
tensor fascia latae | P:tuber coxae and adj. part of ilium, the aponeurosis of the middle gluteal muscle,D:lat. femoral fascia,A:tense lateral femoral fascia, flex hip,extend stifle |
superficial gluteal | P:lat. border of sacrumand first caud. vertebrae party by means of sacrotuberous ligament,D:third trochanter,A:extend hip+abduct limb |
middle gluteal | P:crest and tuberal surface of ilium,D:greater trochanter,A:extend and abduct hip,rotate pelvic limb medially |
deep gluteal | P:body of ilium,ischiatic spine,D:cranial aspect of greater trochanter,A:extend and abduct hip and rotate limb medially |
internal obturator | P:symphysis pelvis+dorsal surface of ischium and pubis,D:trochanteric fossa of femur,A:rotate pelvic limb lat. at hip |
cranial tibial | P:extensor groove and adjacent articular margins of tibia,lat.edge of cran.tibial border,D:plantar surf.of base of metatars.1+2,A:flex tarsus and rotate paw laterally |
long digital extensor | P:extensor fossa of femur,D:extensor processes of distal phalanges of d.2,3,4,5,A:extend digits and flex tarsus |
peroneus longus | P:lat. condyle of tibia,prox.end of fibula+lat.epicondyle of femur by means of lat.colat.ligament of stifle,D:4th tarsal bone,plantar aspect of base of metatars.,A:flex tarsus and rotate paw medially,so that plantar surface lies laterally |
gastrocnemius muscle | 2 heads that enclose the superf. digital flexor,P:medial and lat. supracondylar tuberosities of the femur,D:Prox. dors. surface of the tuber calcanei,A:extend tarsus and flex stifle |
superficial digital flexor | P:lat. supracondylar tuberosity of femur,D:tuber calcanei and base of middle phalages of digits 2,3,4,5,A:flex first 2 digital joints of four principal digits, flex stifle, extend tarsus |
deep digital flexor | 2 heads,Lateral head P:caudolat. border of proximal 2/3 of tibia, most of prox half of fibula and adjacent interosseous membrane, Medial head P:same origin but runs distomedially,bothD:caudal surface of base of each of the distal phalanges,A:flex digits+t |
biceps femoris | P:sacrotuberous ligament +ischiatic tuberosity,D:by means of fascia lata +crural fascia to patella,patellar ligament,cran.border of tibia, by means of crural fascia to sq part of tibial body,tuber calcanei |
funct. biceps femoris | extend hip,stifle and hock, caudal part of muscle flexes stifle |
semitendinous | P:ischiatic tuberosity,D:proximo-cran. border of tibia, medial surface of the body of the tuber calcanei by means of crural fascia,A:extend hip,flex stifle,extend hock |
semimembranous | P:ischiatic tuberosity,D:distal medial lip of caud. rough face of femur+prox. end of tibia, |
funct. semimembranous | extend hip,the part that attaches to femur extend stifle, the part that attaches to tibia,flexes or extends stifle, depending on position of the limb |
sartorius Cranial part | P:crest of ilium and thoracolumbar fascia,D:patella, in common with rectus femoris and quadriceps,A:flex hip, extend stifle |
sartorius caudal part | P:cranial ventral iliac spine+adjacent ventral border of ilium,D:cranial border of tibia, in common with gracilis,A:flex hip, flex stifle |
gemelli | P:lat. surface of ischium, caud. to acetabulum and ventr. to lesser ischiatic notch,D:trochanteric fossa,A:rotate pelvic limb lat. at the hip |
quadratus femoris | P:ventr. surf. of Caud. part of ischium,D:intertrochanteric crest,A:extend hip+rotate pelvic limb lat |
external obturator | P:ventr. surf. of pubis and ischium,D:trochanteric fossa,A:rotate pelvic limb lat. |
quadriceps femoris | 4 heads which are fused distally |
rectus femoris | head of QF, most cranial,P:ilium,D:tibial tuberosity |
vastus lateralis | head of QF, lies lat.and caud.to RF,P:prox. part of lat lip of rough face of femur,D:tibial tuberosity |
vastus intermedius | head of QF, lies on smooth cranial surface of femur,P:proximal femur,D:tibial tuberosity |
vastus medialis | head of QF,P:medial side of prox.end of femur and prox. end of medial lip of caudal rough surface,D:tibial tuberosity |
function Quadriceps femoris | extend stifle, and rectus flex hip |
iliopsoas | fusion of psoas major and iliacus muscle,Psoas major,P:transverse processes of lumbar vertebra,Iliacus,P:ventral surface of ilium between acurate line and lat. border,Both,D: lesser trochanter,A:flex hip |
popliteus | P:lat condyle of femur,D:prox. third of caudal surface of tibia,A:rotate leg medially |