Question | Answer |
What is the Endocardium & its function? | Innermost lining of the heart; decrease friction. |
What is the Myocardium & its function? | cardiac muscle; contracts & pumps blood |
What is the Epicardium & its function? | inner visceral layer of serous pericardium; allows heart to move at contraction |
What is the direction of blood flow through the heart? | From SVC & IVC & CS < RA < RV < PA < Lungs < PV < LA < LV < Aorta < Systemic Circ. |
What are the O2 & CO2 levels at various stages of blood flow? | From SVC/IVC/CS until blood rec'd @ lungs O2 is low & CO2 is high; From lungs to syst. circ. O2 is high & CO2 is low. |
What is the route of the Conduction System? | SA Node < AV Node < AV Bundle of HIS < R&L Bundle Branches < Purkingje Fibers |
What are the electrical events? | Depolarization & Repolarization |
What is ECG? | A record of the electrical conduction through the cardiac muscle |
Normal Sinus Rhythm | Every normal P wave follwed by a normal ventricular response (QRST) |
Primary function of Intercalated Disc? | Allowing for rapid depolarization of cardiac muscle (fiber /tissue /cell). |
What are Striations? | Thick(myosin) & thin(actin) contractile filaments that produce movement |
Sinus Bradycardia | PQRST appears normal, T-P distance LENGTHENED |
Sinus Tachycardia | PQRST appears normal; T-P distance SHORTENED |
Atrial Flutter | "Saw-toothed" P Waves, PQRST appears normal |
Atrial Fibrillation | Erratic P Waves, PQRST appears normal, no atrial pumping |
Ventricular Tachycardia | BIG, Tall Dominant QRS, Ps & Ts can't be seen |
Ventricular Fibrillation | NO Obvious pattern to erratic QRS, Ps & Ts can't be seen, quiver/no ventricular pumping = death |
Atrioventricular Block | Appears to be missing some QRS, variable lenght gap between P & QRS |