Question | Answer |
What are the structures that make up the bony thorax? | a. Sternum
b. Thoracic vertebrae
c. 12 Pairs of Ribs |
What is a thin, narrow, flat bone? | sternum |
How many divisions does the sternum have? | 3 |
What are the divisions of the sternum? | 1. Manubrium
2. body
3. Xiphoid Process |
What is the total length of an adult sternum? | 7 inches |
What is the upper portion of the sternum? | manubrium |
How big is the adult manubrium? | 2 inches in length |
What is the longest part of the sternum? | body |
When does the union of the 4 segments of the sternum begin? When is it complete? | begins during puberty and is complete by age 25 |
What is the inferior part of the sternum? | the xiphoid process |
When does the xiphoid process become totally ossified? | around age 40 |
What is the uppermost border of the manubrium? | jugular notch |
The jugular notch is at the level of what? | T2-3 |
What do the lower end of the manubrium and the superior part of the body of the sternum form? | sternal angle |
The sternal angle is located at the level of what disk space? | T4-5 |
The xiphoid process corresponds to what level of the vertebra? | T9-10 |
What level of the vertebra does the inferior rib angle correspond to? | L2-3 |
Anatomically speaking, how does each clavicle articulate with the manubrium? | laterally |
What is it called where the clavicles articulate with the manubrium? | clavicular notch |
What connects directly to the sternum? | the clavicles and the first 7 pairs of ribs |
What is located below each clavicular notch and sternoclavicular joint? | a depression or facet for articulation with the cartilage of the first rib |
Do the anterior ribs unite directly to with the sternum? | no |
What is the cartilage that connects the anterior ribs to the sternum? | costocartilage |
Where does the second costocartilage connect to the sternum? | the level of the sternal angle |
Which costocartilages connect to the body of the sternum? | 3rd-7th |
Do ribs 8, 9, and 10 connect to the sternum via costocartilage? | no |
What ribs are considered true ribs? | 1-7 |
What ribs are considered false ribs? | 8-12 |
What ribs are considered floating ribs? | 11 and 12 |
How do the true ribs attach to the sternum? | directly by its own costocartilage |
How do the false ribs connect to the sternum? | They each have costocartilage which attaches to the costocartilage of the 7th rib |
What ribs do not possess costocartilage? | 11 and 12 |
What are ribs 1-7 termed? | true ribs |
What are the two ends of each rib? | 1. vertebral end
2. sternal end |
What is the posterior end of the rib called? | vertebral end |
What is the anterior end of the rib called? | sternal end |
What is between the two ends of each rib? | body or shaft |
What does the vertebral end of the rib consist of? | head and neck |
What is lateral to the neck on the ribs? | an elevated tubercle |
What does the elevated tubercle articulate with? | the transverse process of vertebra and also allows attachment of a ligament |
What is the area of forward angulation? | the angle |
How much higher is the posterior or vertebral end of a typical rib in relation to the anterior or sternal end? | 3 to 5 inches |
What does the inside margin of each rib protect? | 1. an artery
2. a vein
3. a nerve |
What is the inside margin of each rib which contains blood vessels and nerves? | costal groove |
Where is the bony thorax typically the widest? | at the lateral margins of the 8th or 9th ribs |
What is the joint between the costcartilage and the sternal end of the rib called? | costocondral union (or junction) |
What type of joint is the costocondral union or junction? | synarthrodial, no movement |
What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint? | synovial-gliding motion, |
Which sternocostal joints are cartilaginous or synchondrosis type? | the sternocostal joint of the first rib |
Which sternocostal joints are synovial and allow a slight plane or gliding motion? | the second through seventh joints |
Where are the interchondral joints located? | between the costcartilages of the anterior sixth through ninth rib |
What are the ninth and tenth cartilage joints called? What are they classified as? | interchondral joints, fibrous joints |
What are the joints between the ribs and the vertebral column? | costotransverse joints and costovertebral joints |
What are the costotransverse joints classified as? | synovial, plane or gliding motion |
On what ribs are costotransverse joints found? | first through tenth rib |
On what ribs are the costovertebral joints found? | all of them |