Term | Definition |
Socialism | An economic and political philosophy that favor public (or social) instead of private control of property and income. |
Craft union | A union of laborers devoted to a specific craft |
Collective bargaining | Process in which workers negotiate as a group with employers |
Industrial union | Union that organizes workers from all crafts in a given industry |
Scab | Negative term for a worker called in by an employer to replace striking laborers |
Anarchist | A radical who opposes all government |
Haymarket Riot | 1886 labor-related violence in Chicago |
Pullman strike | 1894 railway workers’ strike that spread nationwide |
Literacy | The ability to read and write |
Assimilation | Process by which people of one culture merge into and become part of another culture |
Philanthropist | A person who give donations to worthy causes |
Niagara Movement | Founded in 1905, a group of African Americans that called for full civil liberties, an end to racial discrimination, and recognition of human brotherhood |
Vaudeville | A type of variety show that first appeared in the 1870’s, often consisting of comic sketches, song- and- dance routines, and magic acts |
Yellow Journalism | Sensational news coverage, emphasizing crime and scandal |
Ragtime | A type of music featuring melodies with shifting accents over a steady, marching- band beat that originated among black musicans in the South and Midwest in the 1800’s |
Poll Tax | A special fee that must be paid before a person can vote |
Grandfather clause | Passage in a law that exempts a group of people from obeying the law if they had met certain conditions before the law was passed |
Segregation | Forced separation , oftentimes by race |
Jim Crow | Statutes, beginning in the 1890’s, that required segregation of public service by race |
Plessy v. Ferguson | 1896 Supreme Court decision that segregation was legal as long as the separate facilities provided for blacks were equal to those who provided for whites |
Lynching | Murder of an accused person by a mob without a lawful trial |
National Association for the advancement of Colored People | Organization founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination, to oppose racism, and to gain civil rights for African Americans |
Department store | Large retail establishment that carries a wide variety of goods and sells in large quantities |
Rural free delivery | Beginning in 1896, free delivery offered by the U.S Post Office to farm families in rural areas |
Mail-order catalog | Printed material advertising a wide range of goods that can be purchased by mail |