Term | Definition |
1. progressivism | movement that responded to the pressures of industrialization and urbanization by promoting reforms |
2. muckraker | writer who uncovers exposes misconduct in policies or business |
3. Social Gospel | reform movement that emerged in the late nineteenth century that sought to improve society by applying Christian principles |
4. settlement houses | community center organized at the turn of the 20th century to provide social services to the urban poor |
5. direct primary | election in which citizens themselves vote to select nominees to upcoming elections |
6. initiative | process in which citizens put a proposed new law directly on the ballot |
7. referendum | process that allows citizens to approve or reject a law passed by a legislature |
8. recall | process by which voters can remove elected officials from office before their terms end |
9. NCL ( National Consumers League) | group organized in 1899 to investigate the conditions under which goods were made and sold and to promote safe working conditions and a minimum wage |
10. temperance movement | movement aimed at stopping alcohol abuse and problems created by it |
11. suffrage | the right to vote |
12. NAWSA (National American Woman Suffrage Association) | group founded in 1890 that worked both the state and national levels to earn women the right to vote |
13. 19th Amendment | constitutional amendment that gave women the right to vote |
14. Americanization | belief that assimilating immigrants into American society would make them more loyal citizens |
15. Niagara Movement | group of African American thinkers founded in 1905 that punished for immediate racial reforms, particularly in education and voting practices |
16. NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) | interracial organization founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discriminate and to achieve political and civil rights for African Americans |
17. Urban League | network of churched and clubs that set up employment agencies and relief efforts to help African Americans get settled and find work in the cities |
18. Anti-Deflamation League | organization formed in 1913 to defend Jew against physical and verbal attacks and false statements |
19. mutualistas | organized groups of Mexican-Americans that make loans and provide legal assistance to other members of their community |
20. Square Deal | President Theodore Roosevelt's program of reforms to keep the wealthy and powerful from taking advantages of small business owners and the poor |
21. Hepburn Act | 1906 law that gave the government the authority to set railroads rates and maximum prices for ferries, bridge toils, and oil pipelines |
22. Meat Inspection Act | 1906 law that allows the federal government to inspect meat sold across sate lines and required federal inspection of meat-processing plants |
23. Pure Food and Drug Act | 1906 law that allowed federal inspection of food and medicine and banned the interstate shipment and sale of impure food and mislabeling of food and drugs |
24. National Reclamation Act | 1902 law that gave the federal government the power to decide where and how water would be distributed through the building and management of dams and irrigation projects |
25. New Nationalism | President Theodore Roosevelt's plan to restore the government's trustbusting power |
26. Progressive Party | political party that emerged from the Tafi-Roosevelt battle the split the Republican Party in 1912 |
27. New Freedom | Woodward Wilson's program to place government controls on corporation in order to benefit small businesses |
28. 16th Amendment | 1913 constitutional amendment that gave Congress the authority to levy an income tax |
29. Federal Reservation Act | 1913 law that placed national banks under the control of a Federal Reservation Board, which runs regional banks that hold the reserve funds from commercial banks, set interest rates, and supervises commercial banks |
30. Federal Trade Commission | government agency established in 1914 to identify monopolistic business practices, false advertising, and dishonest labeling |
31. Clayton Antitrust Act | 1914 law that strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act |