Term | Definition |
John Deere & Cyrus McCormick | steel plow & reaper |
Elias Howe & I.M. Singer | sewing machine & foot treadle |
Charles Goodyear | vulcanized rubber |
Samuel F. B. Morse | telegraph improved communication |
Dorothea Dix | mental illness |
William Lloyd Garrison | The Liberator |
Harriet Tubman | Underground railroad |
Elizabeth Blackwell | 1st female doctor |
Frederick Douglass | former slave - abolitionist - The North Star |
Stephen Austin | led 300 families to Texas |
Sam Houston | only American president of Texas |
Joseph Smith | founded the Mormon faith |
Brigham Young | led Mormons to Utah |
James K. Polk | went to war with Mexico for land - believed in Manifest Destiny |
Zachary Taylor | general of Mexican War - future president |
Henry Clay | the great compromiser |
John Brown | led slave revolt at Harpers Ferry |
Abraham Lincoln | won 1860 presidential election |
South Carolina | 1st state to secede from the Union |
States in the Confederacy | 11 |
Border states | maryland, missouri, kentucky, delaware |
Jefferson Davis | only president of the Confederate |
Antietam | first major Union win |
Andrew Johnson | succeeded Lincoln as president |
Thirteenth amendment | abolished slavery |
Civil Rights act of 1866 | did not provide 40 acres and a mule |
scalawags and carpetbaggers | tried to either help or profit from Reconstruction |
Plessy vs Ferguson | "seperate but equal" was legal |
standardized time zones | created for railroad companies & train travelers |
Interstate Commcerce Act | tried to lower excessive railroad rates |
transcontinental railroad | was not built by native born workers |
Grangers | organization created by farmers to improve agricultural methods |
telephone & typewriter | created jobs for women |
steel production | Carnegie did not cut the quality of his steel |
Grover Cleveland | served two nonconsecutive presidential terms |
James Garfield | 2d president assassinated |
Chester A. Arthur | signed the Pendleton Act |
Gilded Age | referred to political corruption |
American Federation of Labour | founded for skilled workers (Gompers) |
Andrew Carnegie | made his fortune in steel |
John D. Rockefeller | founded Standard Oil |
Eugene V. Debs | organized the American Railway Union |
Mother Jones | led a childrens' march to protest working conditions |
August Spies | convicted of the Haymarket bombing |
Edwin Drake | drilled for oil in Titusville, PA |
Christopher Sholes | invented the typewriter |
Mark Twain | author known for his wit and satirical writings |
Alexander Graham Bell | invented the telephone |
imperialism | was not fueled by a need for cheap labour |
Hawaii | did not become a US posession from the spanish american war |
Valeriano Weyler | Spanish general accused of forcing Cubans into concentration camps |
USS Maine | ship that exploded in Havana Harbour |
Emilio Aguinaldo | Filipino general who first fought with then against Americans |
protectorate | a country controlled by a stronger power |
commonwealth | what puerto rico became |
sugar plantations | owned by American businessmen in Hawaii |
George Dewey | commanded the American fleet in the Pacific |
William Sampson | commanded the American fleet in the Caribbean |
William McKinley | president during the Spanish American war |
Spanish American War | official reason to go to war was to help the Cubans |
Manifest Destiny | referred to the expectation that the US would expand westward |
Alamo | became the battle cry for Texas independence |
Santa Fe trail | began in Independence, Missouri and ended in Santa Fe, New Mexico |
Henry David Thoreau | author and abolitionist who opposed the Mexican war |
Compromise of 1850 | included a stricter fugitive slave law |
Wilmot Proviso | proposed outlawing slavery in newly acquired territories |
Winfield Scott & Stephen Kearny | heroes from the Mexican War |
Fugitive Slave law | apprehended runaway slaves |
Harriet Beecher Stowe | wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin |
Charles Sumner | antislavery senator beaten by Preston Brooks |
Dred Scott | supreme court rules against |
Stephen A. Douglas | proposed the concept of popular sovereignty |
Nativism | favoring native born people over immigrants |
Lincoln Douglas debates | issue was slavery |
early Civil War battles | won by the south |
Winfield Scott | devised the three prong strategy to defeat the South |
Great Britain | Lincoln changed the reason for the war to slavery so Great Britain would not side with the south |
Emancipation Proclamation | did not free slaves in the border states |
Stonewall Jackson | killed after the battle of Chancellorsville |
William Tecumseh Sherman | instructed his men to target civilians on their path of destruction |
Richmond | capital of the confederacy |
Radical Republicans | wanted the south to be punished for the war |
freedman's bureau | did not help former slaves receive the vote |
sharecroppers | rarely became independent farmers |
poll taxes and literacy tests | ways to keep black males from voting |
Santa Anna | dictator of Mexico |
Robert Shaw | died with his men at Fort Wagner |
Ulysses S. Grant | author, politician, president and military officer |
Robert Anderson | surrendered fort sumter |
George McClellan | fired by Lincoln |
Fort Sumter | where the war began |
Gettysburg | began when Lee's men were looking for slaves |
Bull Run | Confederate victory |
Shiloh | Northern win |
Davy Crockett | died at the Alamo |
Oliver Kelly | founded the Grange |
Samuel Gompers | founded the American Federation of Labour |
Henry David Thoreau | author, abolitionist who opposed the Mexican war |
Robert E. Lee | refused Lincoln's request to command the Union troops |
Charles Darwin | author and scientist |