Question | Answer |
Joints | Union between two or more bones
Classified on basis of structural features: fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial types |
Joints innervation | Hilton's Law:
HiNerve supplying joint also supplies muscles that move the joint and the skin covering the insertion of such muscles |
Fibrous Joints | Synarthroses
Joined by fibrous tissue, have no joint cavities, and allow little movement |
Fibrous Connective Tissue Connect | Sutures- found between Flat bones of Skull
Syndesmoses- occur as the inferior tibiofibular and tympanostapedial syndesmoses |
Cartilaginous Joints | United by cartilage and have no joint cavity |
Primary Cartilaginous Joints | Synchondroses
United by HYALINE cartilage
Do not allow movement but growth in the length of the bone |
Primary Cartilaginous Joints Examples | Epiphyseal cartilage plates= union between epiphysis and diaphysis of growing bone
Spneno-occipital and manubriosternal synchondroses |
Secondary Cartilaginous Joints | Symphyses
Joined by FIBROCARTILAGE
Slightly movable joints |
Secondary Cartilaginous Joints Examples | Pubic symphysis and interval disks |
Synovial Joints | Diarthrodial
Permit great degree of free movement
Classified according to shape of articulation and/or type of movement |
Synovial Joints:
Plane (Gliding) Joints | United by two flat articular surfaces
Allow simple gliding or sliding of one bone over another |
Synovial Joints:
Plane (Gliding) Joints
Examples | In the proximal tibiofibular, intertarsal, intermetacarpal, sternoclavicular, and acromioclavicular joints |
Synovial Joints:
Hinge (Ginglymus)Joints | Resembles door hinge
Allow only flexion and extension |
Synovial Joints:
Hinge (Ginglymus)Joints
Examples | In the elbow, ankle, and interphalangeal joints |
Synovial Joints:
Pivot (Trochoid) Joints | Formed by central bony pivot turning within a bony ring
Only allows rotation |
Synovial Joints:
Pivot (Trochoid) Joints
Examples | In the superior and inferior radioulnar joints and in the atrantoaxial joint |
Synovial Joints:
Condylar (Ellipsoidal) Joints | Two convex condyles articulating with two concave condyles
Shape of articulation is ellipsoidal
Allow flexion and extension |
Synovial Joints:
Condylar (Ellipsoidal) Joints
Examples | In the wrist (radiocarpal), metacarpophalengeal, knee (tibiofemoral), and atlanto-occipital joints |
Synovial Joints:
Saddle (Sellar) Joints | Resemble a horse's saddle
Allow flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, and circumduction but no axial rotation |
Synovial Joints:
Saddle (Sellar) Joints
Examples | In the carpometacarpal joint of th thumb and between femur and patella |
Synovial Joints:
Ball-and-socket (Spheroidal) Joints | Formed by reception of globular head into a cup-sapped cavity
Allow movement in many directions: flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, medial and lateral rotations, and circumduction |
Synovial Joints:
Ball-and-socket (Spheroidal) Joints
Examples | In the shoulder and hip joints |