| Question | Answer |
| Anterior tibialis | Concentrically accelerates dorsiflexion and inversion
(lateral shin muscle) |
| posterior tibialis | Concentrically accelerates plantarflexion and inversion of the foot
(proximal shin muscle) |
| soleus | Concentrically accelerates plantarflexion
(outer muscle on calf) |
| gastrocnemius | Concentrically accelerates plantarflexion
(inner muscle on calf) |
| peroneus longus | concentrically plantarflexes and everts the foot
(proximal calf muscle) |
| biceps femoris- long head | Concentrically accelerates knee flexion/ tibial external rotation
(part of hamstring complex-large) |
| biceps femoris- short head | Concentrically accelerates knee flexion and tibial external rotation
(part of hamstring complex- smaller- lateral muscle) |
| semimembranosus | Concentrically accelerates knee flexion, hip extension, and tibial internal rotation
(part of hamstring complex- proximal area) |
| semitendonosus | Concentrically accelerates knee flexion, hip extension, and tibial internal rotation
(part of hamstring complex- narrow muscle in middle) |
| vastus lateralis | Concentrically accelerates knee extension
(quads- large lateral muscle) |
| vastus medialis | Concentrically accelerates knee extension
(quads- proximal muscle by top of knee) |
| vastus intermedius | Concentrically accelerates knee extension
(quads- large anterior lateral muscle) |
| rectus femoris | Concentrically accelerates knee extension and hip flexion
(quads- middle anterior muscle by top of thigh) |
| adductor longus | Concentrically accelerates hip adduction, flexion, and internal rotation
(inner muscle behind femur) |
| adductor magnus- anterior fibers | Concentrically accelerates hip adduction, flexion, and internal rotation
(inner muscle behind femur) |
| adductor magnus- posterior fibers | Concentrically accelerates hip adduction, extension, and external rotation
(from posterior view, behind hamstrings) |
| adductor brevis | Concentrically accelerates hip adduction, flexion, internal rotation
(diagonal muscle at top of inner thigh) |
| gracilis | Concentrically accelerates hip adduction, flexion, and internal rotation/ assists in tibial |
| gluteus medius | Concentrically accelerates hip abduction and internal rotation (anterior fibers) Concentrically accelerates hip abduction and external rotation (posterior fibers) |
| gluteus minimus | Concentrically accelerates hip abduction and internal rotation |
| gluteus maximus | Concentrically accelerates hip abduction and internal rotation hip extension and external rotation |
| Tensor fascia Latae (ioncluding iolotibial band) | Concentrically accelerates hip flexion, abduction, and internal rotation
(lateral sides of hips and thighs) |
| psoas | Concentrically accelerates hip flexion and external rotation/ concentrically extends and rotates lumbar spine
(muscles on either side of the spine; lumbar spine to top of femur) |
| iliacus | Concentrically accelerates hip flexion and external rotation |
| sartorius | Concentrically accelerates hip flexion, external rotation and abduction/ Concentrically accelerates knee flexion and internal roatation
(top of anterior thigh around inside of thigh to proximal surface of tibia) |
| piriformis | Concentrically accelerates hip external rotation, abduction and extension
(inside pelvis) |
| rectus abdominis | Concentrically accelerates spinal flexion, lateral flexion, and rotation
(abs) |
| external oblique | Concentrically accelerates spinal flexion, lateral flexion, contrlateral rotation
(side of rectus abdominis- ribs 4-12) |
| internal oblique | Concentrically accelerates spinal flexion, lateral flexion, ipsilateral rotation
(below external oblique, ribs 9-12 to pelvis) |
| transverse abdominis | increases intra-abdominal pressure/ supports abdominal viscera
(ribs 7-12 to pelvis) |
| diaphragm | concentrically pulls the central tendon inferiorly, increasing the volume in the thoracic cavity
(dome shaped muscle below ribs and sternum) |
| superficial erector spinae: iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis | Concentrically accelerates spinal extension, rotation, and lateral flexion
(large muscles down the sides of the spine) |
| quadratus lumborum | spinal lateral flexion
(12th rib to iliac crest of pelvis) |
| multifidus | Concentrically accelerates spinal extension and contralateral rotation
(muscles on sides of spine from cervical to lumbar) |
| latissimus dorsi | Concentrically accelerates shoulder extension, adduction, and internal rotation
(large muscle of the back, block-V-shaped) |
| serratus anterior | Concentrically accelerates scapular protraction
(under armpit ribs 4-12 to scapula) |
| rhomboid major | Concentrically produces scapular retraction and downward rotation
(larger, lower rhomboid) |
| rhomboid minor | concentrically produces scapular retraction and downward rotation
(smaller, higher rhomboid) |
| lower trapezius | Concentrically accelerates scapular depression
(V of middle back, bottom of diamond) |
| middle trapezius | Concentrically accelerates scapular retraction
(bottom of upper back, middle of diamond) |
| upper trapezius | Concentrically accelerates cervical extension, lateral flexion, and roataion/ Concentrically accelerates scapular elevation
(spans shoulders to back of head, top of diamond) |
| pectoralis major | Concentrically accelerates shoulder flexion (clavicular fibers), horizontal adduction and internal rotation
(large anterior muscle of chest) |
| pectoralis minot=r | concentrically protracts the scapula
(smaller lateral pec) |
| anterior deltoid | Concentrically accelerates shoiulder fkexion and internal rotation
(anterior shoulder muscle) |
| medial deltoid | Concentrically accelerates shoulder abduction
(side of shhoulder) |
| posterior deltoid | Concentrically accelerates shoulder extension and external rotation
(back of shoulder) |
| teres major | Concentrically accelerates shoulder internal rotation, adduction and extension
(back/bottom underarm muscle) |
| teres minor | Concentrically accelerates shoulder external rotation
(small muscle between posterior deltoid and teres major) |
| infraspinatus | Concentrically accelerates shoulder external rotation
(proximal area of scapula to top of humerus) |
| subscapularis | Concentrically accelerates shoulder internal rotation
(muscle between shoulder and pecs) |
| supraspinatus | Concentrically accelerates abduction of the arm
(on top of shoulder, neck to humerus) |
| biceps brachii | Concentrically accelerates elbow flexion, supination of the radioulnar joint , and shoulder flexion
(front of humerus) |
| triceps brachii | Concentrically accelerates elbow extension and shoulder extension
(back of humerus) |
| brachioradialis | Concentrically accelerates elbow flexion
(muscle that stretches over inner elbow joint) |
| brachialis | Concentrically accelerates elbow flexion
(lower half of anterior surface of humerus) |
| levator scapulae | Concentrically accelerates cervical extension, lateral flexion, and ipsilateral rotation when the scapulae is anchored/ assists in elevation and downward rotation of the scapulae
(small muscle on side of neck to scapulae) |
| sternocleidomastoid | Concentrically accelerates cervical flexion, rotation, and lateral flexion
(back of head to clavical) |
| scalenes | Concentrically accelerates cervical flexion, rotation, and lateral flexion/ assists rib elevation during inhalation
(muscles in anterior par tof neck) |
| longus coli | Concentrically accelerates cervical flexion, lateral flexion, and ipsilateral rotation
(muscles on either side of windpipe) |
| longus capitis | Concentrically accelerates cervical flexion and lateral flexion
(upper muscles on either side of windpipe) |
