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US history chapter 8
Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Movement that responded to the pressures of industrialization and urbanization by promoting reforms | Progressivism |
| Writer who uncovers and exposes misconduct in politics or business | Muckraker |
| Reform movement that emerged to the late nineteenth century that sought to improve society by applying christian principles | Social Gospel |
| Community center organized at the turn if the twentieth century to provide social services to the urban poor | Settlement houses |
| Election in which citizens themselves vote to select nominees for upcoming elections | Direct primary |
| Process in which citizens put a proposed new law directly on the ballot | Initiative |
| Process that allows citizens to approve or reject a law passed by a legislature | Referendum |
| Process by which voters can remove elected officials from office before their terms end | Recall |
| group organized in 1899 to investigate the conditions under which goods were made and sold and to promote safe working conditions nd a minimum wage | National Consumers League (NCL) |
| movement aimed at stopping alcohol abuse and the problems created by it | temperance movement |
| the right to vote | suffrage |
| group founded in 1890 that worked on both the state and national levels to earn women the right to vote | National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) |
| constitutional amendment that gave women the right to vote | Nineteenth Amendment |
| belief that assimilating immigrants into American sociey would make them more loyal citizens | Americanization |
| group of African American thinkers founded in 1905 that pushed for immediate racial reforms, particularly in education and voting practices | Niagara Movement |
| interracial organization founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimintion and to achieve political and civil rights for African Americans | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) |
| network of churches and clubs that set up employment agencies and relief efforts to help African Americans get settled and find work in the cities | Urban League |
| organization formed in 1913 to defend Jews against physical and verbal attacks and false statements | Anti-Defamation League |
| organized group of Mexican-Americans that make loans and provide legal assistance to other members of their community | mutualistas |
| President Theodore Roosevelt's program of reforms to keep the wealthy and powerful from taking advantage of small business owners and the poor | Square Deal |
| 1306 law that gave the government the authority to set railroad rates and maximum prices for ferries, bridge tolls, and oil pipelines | Hepburn Act |
| 1906 law that allowed the federal government to inspect meat sold across state lines and required federal inspection of meat processing plants | Meat Inspection Act |
| 1906 law that allowed federal inspection of food and medicine and banned the interstate shipment and sale of impure food and the misabeling of food and drugs | Pure Food and Drug Act |
| 1902 law that gave the federal government the power to decide where and how water would be distributed throught the building and management of dams and irrigation projects | National Reclamation Act |
| President Theodore Roosevelt's plan to restore the governments trustbating power | New Nationalism |
| political party that emerged from the Taft-Roosevelt battle that split the Republican Party in 1912 | Progressive Party |
| Woodrow Wilson's program to place government controls on corporations in order to benefit small businesses | New Freedom |
| 1913 constitutional amendment that gave Congress the authority to levy and income tax | Sixteenth Amendment |
| 1913 law that placed natinoal banks under the control of a Federal Reserve Board, which runs regional banks that hold the reserve funds from commercial banks, see interest rates, and supervises commercial banks | Federal Reserve Act |
| government agency established in 1914 to identify monopolistic business practices, false advertising, and dishonest labeling | Federal Trade Commission (FTC) |
| 1914 law that strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act | Clayton Antitrust Act |
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