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Chapter 8 Vocabulary
Chapter 8 vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. Progressivism | movement that responded to the pressures of industrialization and urbanization by promoting reforms. |
| 2. Muckraker | Writer who uncovers and exposes misconduct in politics or business. |
| 3. Social Gospel | reform movement that emerged in the late nineteenth century that sought to improve society by applying Christian principles |
| 4. Settlement house | community center organized at the turn of rthe twentieth century to provide social services to the urban poor. |
| 5. Direct primary | election in which citizens themselves vote to select nominees for upcoming elections. |
| 6. Initiative | process in which citizens put a proposed new law directly on the ballot. |
| 7. Referendum | process that allows citizens to approve or reject a law passed by a legislature. |
| 8. Recall | process by which voters can remove elected officials from office before their terms end. |
| 9. NCL | group organized in 1899 to investigate the condition under which goods were made and sold and to promote safe working conditions and a minimum wage. |
| 10. Temperance movement | movement aimed at stopping alcohol abuse and the problems created by it |
| 11. Suffrage | the right to vote |
| 12. NAWSA | group founded in 1890 that worked on both the state and national levels to earn women the right to vote |
| 13. Nineteenth Amendmant | constitutional amendment that gave women the right to vote |
| 14. Americanization | belief that assimilating immigrants into American society would make them more loyal citizens |
| 15. Niagara Movement | Group of African american thinkers founded in 1905 that pushed for immediate racial reforms, particularly in education and voting practices |
| 16.NAACP | interracial organization founded in 1909 to abolish segregation and discrimination political and civil rights for African Americans |
| 17.Urban League | network of churches and clubs that set up employment agencies and relief efforts to help African Americans get settled and find work in the cities |
| 18. Anti-Defamation League | organization formed in 1913 to defend Jews against physical and verbal attacks and false statements |
| 19. Mutualistas | organized groups of Mexican-Americans that make loans and provide legal assistance to other members of their community |
| 20. Square Deal | President Theodore Roosevelt's program of reforms to keep the wealthy and powerful from taking advantage of small business owners and the poor |
| 21. Hepburn Act | 1906 law that gave the government the authority to set railroad rates and maximum prices for ferries, bridge tolls, and oil pipelines |
| 22. Meat Inspection Act | law that allowed the federal government to inspect meat sold across state lines and required federal inspections of meat processing plants |
| 23. Pure Food and Drug Act | 1906 law that allowed federal inspection of food and medicine and banned the interstate shipment and sale of impure food and the mislabeling of food and drugs |
| 24. National Reclamation Act | Law that gave the federal government the power to decide where and how water would be distributed through the building and management of dams and irrigation projects |
| 25. New Nationalism | Theodore Roosevelt's plan to restore the government's trustbusting powers |
| 26. Progressive Party | Political party that emerged from the Taft-Roosevelt battle that split the Republican Party in 1912 |
| 27. New Freedom | Woodrow Wilson's Program to place government controls on corporations in order to benefit small businesses |
| 28. Sixteenth Amendment | 1913 constitutional amendment that gave Congress the authority to levy an income tax |
| 29. Federal Reserve Act | law that placed national banks under the control of a Federal Reserve Board, which runs regional banks that hold the reserve funds from commercial banks, sets interest rates, and supervises commercial banks |
| 30. Federal Trade Commission | government agency established in 1914 to identify monopolistic business practices, false advertising, and dishonest labeling |
| 31. Clayton Antitrust Act | 1914 law that strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act |