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Study Guide 1
Colonization to Revolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Albany Plan of Union | written by Benjamin Franklin; plan that stated that the colonies would help defend one another if the French attacked any colony; written in 1754; first time the colonies viewed themselves as a "whole", instead of individual units |
| Boston Massacre | 1770; killing of 5 civilians during a mob action; British soldiers were accused of murder; John Adams defended them in court |
| Boston Tea Party | event where crates of tea were thrown into the Boston Harbor in protest of the Tea Act |
| boycott | to refuse to buy a product, usually for political reasons |
| cash crop | a crop grown mainly to be sold, not consumed by the individual farmer |
| Common Sense | a short paper written by Thomas Paine, explaining why colonists should rebel against England |
| Continental Army | professional army, led by Geogrge Washington, that was formed by the 2nd Continental Congress, in anticipation of war with Great Britain |
| Declaration of Independence | a document written to show the intent of the colonies to "break up" with England. The document declared the colonies to be free from England's rule |
| effigy | a rag doll, dressed as a person hated [usually a tax collector], that was burned in protest |
| Enlightenment | a period of interest in science, education, and reasoning that occured from 1740-1760; influenced many leading colonists |
| French and Indian War | 1754-1763; conflict between France and Great Britain over land in North America; also called the Seven Years War in Europe |
| export | to send products OUT of a nation |
| George Washington | commander of the Continental Army |
| Great Awakening | period of renewal in Christian belief; happened from 1720-1750 |
| import | to bring products INTO a nation |
| Intolerable Acts | 1774; laws meant to punish Boston after the Tea Party; these laws closed Boston Harbor, put the city under martial law, and forced the citizens to quarter soldiers into their homes |
| Quartering Act | made citizens allow British soldiers to live in their houses with them |
| Triangular Trade Route | economic system used between Europe, Americas, and Africa in 1600s-1800s |
| writs of assistance | documents that allowed tax collectors to enter private homes to search for smuggled goods |
| King George III | King of England during the American Revolution |
| Magna Carta | A legal document written back in 1250 A.D., that stated certain rights of the people, and limited the power of the king |
| mercantilism | dominant economic theory of the 1600s; basically, it said that the more money you have, the richer your country is |
| militia | civilian soldiers; mostly farmers who would volunteer to serve their local community as soldiers in time of need |
| nonimportation | agreements by merchants not to buy products from a certain country or source |
| Patrick Henry | famous early American politician who said,"Give me liberty, or give me death" |
| Proclamation of 1763 | Issued by Great Britain after the French and Indian War; it told colonists that they could not move west of the Appalachian Mountains |
| prohibit | not allowed |
| propaganda | form of peruasion; shows one side of an issue to influence people to join that one side |
| repeal | to cancel a law |
| revenue | incoming money |
| Act | law |
| Samuel Adams | founder and leader of the Sons of Liberty |
| Second Continental Congress | meeting of delegates in 1775; here they formed the Continental Army in preparation for war, they also wrote the Olive Branch Petition to try to prevent the war |
| smuggling | bringing something into a country illegally |
| Sons of Liberty | group of male colonists who protested taxes; they used various means of protest, including violence, to get their point across |
| Stamp Act | 1765; British law imposed on the colonies to tax all printed things, like playing cards, documents, newspapers, etc. |
| subsistence farming | growing crops mainly to feed your family |
| Sugar Act | 1764; British law inposed on the colonies; it lowered the tax on molasses to encourage colonists to stop smuggling |
| Tea Act | 1773; British law imposed on the colonies; tax imposed on tea, to help the British East India Tea Company |
| Thomas Jefferson | author of the Declaration of Independence |
| Townshend Acts | 1767; British laws imposed on the colonies; taxes were imposed after the Stamp Act was repealed, and taxed all glass, paper, and tea |
| Treaty of Paris 1763 | treaty that ended the French and Indian War |
| Olive Branch Petition | last attempt by colonists to prevent Revolution against England, it was a letter sent to King George, appealing directly to him to stop the injustices in the colonies |
| Columbian Exchange | exchange of animals, plants, diseases, and ideas between the Old World and the New World, after Columbus' voyages |
| committee of correspondence | group of colonists who started writing letters to each other, as a way of protesting British actions; helped spread communication, knowledge of each colony |
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