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Key Terms 1.4 -1.5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Feudalism | Political system in which powerful leaders gave land to nobles in exchange for pledges of loyalty and service |
| Manorialism | Economic system in which peasants provide services to a feudal lord in exchange for protection |
| Serf | Person bound to a manor |
| Renaissance | A period in Europe from 1350 to 1600 during which a rebirth of interest in the culture of ancient Greece and Rome occured |
| Astrolabe | Used to determine direction, latitude, and local time |
| Caravel | Sailing ship capable of long-distance exploration |
| Line of demarcation | North/south line of longitude thru the Atlantic Ocean dividing lands in the Americas claimed by Spain and Portugal |
| Circumnavigate | To sail around (the world) |
| Columbian exchange | Series of complex societal and and environmental interactions between Europe and the Americas begun with Columbus's first voyage |
| Henry the Navigator | Set up a center for astronomical and geographical studies at Sagres on Portugal's southwestern tip. Invited mapmakers, astronomers, and shipbuilders from throughout the Mediterranean world to come & study & plan voyages of explorations |
| Bartolemeu Dias | Sailed around the southern tip of Africa (Cape of Good Hope) in 1488 |
| Vasco da Gama | Sailed from Portugal around Africa to India, finding the first eastern sea route to Asia |
| Christopher Columbus | Italian navigator that wanted to find a western sea route to Asia |
| Claudius Ptolemy | Invented longitude and latitude lines, but underestimated the earth's size |
| Leif Ericsson | Led first group of vikings to Americas; attempts to colonize failed because native Americans had better weapons |
| Amerigo Vespucci | Made 2 voyages across Atlantic; concluded that south America couldn't be part of Asia |
| Treaty of tordesillas | Moved the line of demarcation 1,000 miles west |
| Juan Ponce de Leon | Spanish governor of puerto Rico; found and named Florida |
| Vasco de balboa | 1St European to reach Pacific coast of America |
| Ferdinand Magellan | His crew was the first to circumnavigate the world |
| Pope urban II | Led the first crusade |
| Pope Alexander IV | Created line of demarcation to keep Spain & Portugal from fighting |
| Marco polo | Encouraged trade with outside world; often considered indirect discoverer of new world |
| Johan gutenberg | Invented first printing press |
| Crusades | Exposure to middle eastern and Asian goods after failed attempt to retake Holy Land from Muslims |
| Martin Luther | Began movement to reform Catholic church |
| Reformation | Resulted in rise of Protestant religion |
| Conquistadors | Spanish explorers who searched for God,gold,and glory in America |
| St. Augustine, Florida | First permanent European settlement in Americas |
| Jamestown | First permanent English settlement in Americas |
| House of burgesses | First example of self gov in America |
| French & Indian war | Put England into debt |
| Navigation acts | British started to seriously enforce in 1760's |
| Boston massacre | 5 colonists shot & killed by British troops |
| Boston tea party | Sons of liberty protested in December 1773 |
| Lexington & concord | First shots of revolutionary war -shot heard round the world |
| Sextant | Replaced astrolabe; determines ship's position at sea |
| Diego velazquez | Spaniard who led troops to conquer Cuba in 1511 |
| Hernando Cortes | Conquered the Aztecs in 1521 |
| Francisco Pizarro | Conquered the Inca empire in 1532 |
| Panfilo de narvaez | Searched north Florida for fabled city of gold; found none & lost contact w/ships & supplies |
| Cabeza da Vaca | Got off panfilo's raft and explored TX and NM before returning to Mexico in 1536 |
| Esteban | Got off panfilo's raft and explored TX and NM before returning to Mexico in 1536 |
| Francisco Coronado | Explored SW US and found grand canyon |
| Hernando de Soto | Discovered and explored missippi river between 1539 and 1542 |
| SE coast | Defends bases |
| Pedro Menendez de Aviles | Established a settlement at St. Augustine |
| SW | Mining |
| Juan de Onate | Led 400 people into New Mexico |
| Pedro de Peralta | 1st gov of NM |
| Presidios | Forts |
| Pueblo revolt | Drove Spanish out of NM for about a decade |
| W coast | Trade routes |
| El Camino Real (the royal highway) | Connected Spanish missions in CA from San Diego to San Francisco |
| Father Junipero Serra | Started 1st mission in CA at San Diego |
| Peninsulares | Spanish born, wealthy, gov & church jobs |
| Creoles | Born in colonies to Spanish parents, middle class |
| Mestizo | Mixed Spanish/native American ancestry |
| Council of the indies | Advised king and watched over colonial activities |
| Audienca | Deal w/local affairs (special courts) |
| Viceroy | Oversaw viceroyalties |
| Viceroyalties | The king divided the American empire into regions |
| Encomendero | Official over native American villages who supervised work under encomienda system |
| Haciendas | Large ranches to feed miners |
| Vaqueros | Cowhands to tend to the cattle on haciendas |
| 16th century | Spanish century |
Created by:
Brana
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