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Bacteria (Dugan)
Microbiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| this is a single closed circle of ds DNA containing about two to four thousand genes. there is a single copy per cell, and it is highly folded inside the cell | chromosome |
| these are smaller circles of DNA often carrying genes for antibiotic resistance or toxin production, etc. it contains five to one hundred genes and has about one to twenty copies per cell. | plasmid |
| this is the site of metabolic activity in a bacteria | cytoplasm |
| ribosomes of bacteria are of this size and contain these subunits. | 30s and 50s yields 70s |
| ribosomes exist in groups called this | polysomes |
| these are storage granules and gas vacuoles | inclusion bodies |
| eukaryotic ribosomal subunits consist of this | 60s and 40s yield 80s |
| this is the site of respiration in bacteria | cytoplasmic membrane |
| this provides shape and stregth to the cell | cell wall |
| gram positive bacteria have a (thick or thin?) wall, and gram negative bacteria have (thick or thin?) cell wall. | thick, thin |
| this structure allows a bacteria to bring in large molecules into the periplasmic space | porin |
| is peptidoglycan layer unique to bacteria? | yes |
| this is the site for lysozyme and site for many antibiotics (penicillins, cephalosporins, vancomycin) | cell wall (peptidoglycan |
| this structure contains digestive enzymes and is located in the outer membrane. it is only found in gram negative bacteria | periplasm |
| what are the three components of lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) | o specific side chain, core pollysaccharide, lipid A (often the toxic part, and is consistent for all bacteria |
| this structure contains a loose network of murein (peptidoglycan) chains within a gel containing hydrolytic and degradative enzymes. other enzymes in the gel are involved in various biochemical pathways including peptidoglycan synthesis | periplasmic space |
| this is a name for a bacterial capsule and is usually composed of polysaccharides. it has a viscous, fibrous matrix that is antiphagocytic. encapsulated strains are referred to as smooth; nonencapsulated strains are rough. | glycocalyx |
| this type of bacteria has a murein layer (thick) and a cytoplasmic membrane | gram positive |
| this type of bacteria has an outer membrane, a thin murein layer, and a cytoplasmic membrane | gram negative |
| what are the four components of a gram stain | crystal violet, grams iodine, alcohol, safranin |
| this appendage is responsible for attachment. the sex type of responsible in genetic transfer | pilli |
| this type of appendage provides motility and is driven by proton motive force. it also provides chemotaxis to cells. | flagella |
| in chemotaxis when swimming straight the flagella move in this direction | counterclockwise |
| in chemotaxis, when flagella move in a random fashion, they turn in this direction | clockwise |
| bacteria resist adverse environmental situations such as starving by forming this | spores |
| in this type of symbiosis, both organisms benefit | mutualism |
| in this type of symbiosis, one may benefit but neither is harmed. | commensalism |
| in this type of symbiotic relationship, one organism lives at the expense of the other an dmay do no harm | parasitism |
| this provides a habitat for another organism | host |
| this is an organism that can cause damage or disease within the host | pathogen |
| this is the ability to inflict damage | pathogenecity |
| this is the relative degree of pathogenicity | virulence |
| the shape of the bacteria is determined by this structure | cell wall |
| name three ways bacteria can be classified | morphology, cell wall, antigens |
| bacteria divide via this process | binary fission |
| what are the four phasis of growth in bacteria and which are exponential? | lag, exponential (log), stationary, death (log) |
| this type of bacteria need preformed hydrocarbons in order to grow | heterotrophic |
| bacteria that require a very enriched medium to grow are called this | fastidious |
| these are iron chelating compounds that bacteria secrete so they can take up iron from the blood | siderophores |
| this antibiotic blocks cell wall synthesis by blocking dephosphoralization of bactoprenol phosphate | bacitracin |
| this antibiotic inhibits phosphoenopyruvate transferase and prevents formation of NAM | fostfomycin |
| this antibiotic is an analog of D-ala and blocks addition of dipeptide to UDP-NAM | cycloserine |
| this antibiotic binds to peptides of ppg monomers and blocks transglycosidase | vancomycin |
| this class of antibiotics binds to transpeptidase | B-Lactams (penicillins, cephalosporins, carbepenems) |
| this antibiotic blocks the initiating complex of the ribosome cycle | linezolid |
| these antibiotics are the 30S inhibitors | tetracycline, aminoglycosides |
| these antibiotics are 50s inhibitors | macrolides, chloroamphenicol |
| these two antibiotics block DNA syntnhesis | fluoroquinolones, etronidazole |
| this antibiotic blocks RNA synthesis | Rifampin |
| these two antibiotics are folate antagonists | fulfonamides, trimethoprim |
| this antibiotic blocks the cytoplasm membrane | polymyxins |
| in the process of sterilizing from bacteria, you must autoclave at this temperature for this amount of time | 121 degrees C for fifteen mins |
| during this process, you are reducing the number of bacterial pathogens to a safer level | disinfect |
| in this process, you kill microorganisms on living tissue | antisepsis |
Created by:
aferdo01
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