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une ch 8

enzymes as catalysts

QuestionAnswer
Be able to name the 6 major classes of enzymes. HOTILL 1. Hydrolase 2. Oxidoreductase 3. Transferase 4. Isomerase 5. Lyase 6. Ligase
Oxidoreductase Alcohol dehydrogenase
Transferase: Glucokinase
Hydrolase Chymotripsin
Lyase Aldolase
Isomerase Triosephosphate isomerase
Ligase Pyruvate Carboxylase
write the equation for the first step in alcohol metabolism in humans and then explain in words CH3CH2OH + NAD+ = CH3CHO + NADH + H+ Ethanol is oxidized to acetaldehyde while NAD+ is reduced to NADH.
thiamine pyrosphate an activation transfer coenzyme (helps catalysis by forming covalent bond w substrate), synth by thiamine, attacks alpha keta acids, breaks C-C bond btw carbon and carboxyl carbon
CoA activation transfer enzyme synthesized by vitamins (pantothenate), functional group is the sulfylhydryl group which forms thioester bonds with carboxylic acids, and acyl groups are activated
biotin is the vitamin and coenzyme. covalently bonded to a lysine in enzymes called carboxylases, functional group is a nitrogen that covalently bonds to a co2 group
pyridoxal phosphate vitamin pyridoxine (vitamin B6). the reactive aldehyde group usually functions in enzyme catalyzed reactions by forming a covalent bond with amino groups on amino acids.
NAD+ synth from niacin and ATP. ADP binds tightly to enzyme-causes conformational changes.
how does DFP (nerve gas) work? it forms a covalent intermediate that binds to active site of acetylcholesterase-thereby preventing it from degrading AcH. this is irreversible.
how does penicillin work? it is a transition state analog that binds tightly to glycopeptidyl transferase
why is penicillin a suicide inhibitor? suicide inhibitor= irreversible inhibitor-it binds and forms covalent bond w serine at the active site
Created by: carolanimal
 

 



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