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Metabolism
WVSOM Class of 2012 Metabolism
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| aerobic catabolism runs off of what? what does it yield? | stored fuel molecules; yields CO2 and H2O |
| during aerobic catabolism, FADH and NAD+ reduce to what? | FADH2 and NADH |
| Reoxidation of NADH and FADH2 yields what? what process accomplishes this? | ATP; oxidative phosphorylation |
| anabolism is what kind of process? | reductive |
| during anabolism, what pathway reduces oxidized NAD+ to yield an ATP molecule? | pentose/phosphate pathway |
| what is the pathway to catabolize a fatty acid to CO2? | beta-oxidation then TCA |
| what compounds link aerobic glycolysis with TCA? | pyruvate and acetyl CoA |
| does pyruvate or acetyl coa cross the mitochondrial membrane? | pyruvate |
| electrons, not ____ cross into the mitochondria: | nucleotides |
| carbons, not ____ cross into the mitochondria: | electrons |
| why is the TCA cycle aerobic? | NADH and FADH2 have to be reoxidized |
| in the fed state, what happens to lactate when it is anaerobically metabolized? | oxidized in aerobic cells or converted to fatty acids for storage |
| ketones are produced in the fasted state where? where are they then oxidized? | liver; extrahepatic tissues |
| what is the major storage form of body fuel? | triglycerides |
| if glycogen is depleted, what anabolic pathway will increase the blood glucose? | gluconeogenesis |
| do RBCs perform glycolysis aerobically or not? what is the end product? | not; lactate |
| aside from RBCs, where else is glucose used anaerobically? | contracting skeletal muscle |
| if an amino acid can provide a carbon for gluconeogenesis, it is termed what? if not, it is called what? | glucogenic, ketogenic |
| how does glucagon regulate insulin levels? | it signals phosphorylation of enzymes |
| what is the organ location for synthesis of fatty acids, glucose, cholesterol, and ketone bodies? | liver |
| in the fasted state, what is the fate of lactate? | converted into glucose |
| ketones are the result of excess what? | carbons |
| what is the storage form of glucose? what limits this storage? | glycogen; number of hepatocytes |
| where are triglycerides stored? | adipocytes |
| glycogen stored in extrahepatic cells can only be used where? | within the cell that stores them |
| in what organ does gluconeogenesis occur? | liver |
| in the fasted state, what two molecules are catabolized first? | fatty acids and ketones |
| ketogenic amino acids are catabolized where? | liver |
| where is most ketogenic energy utilized? | liver |
| when amino acid carbons are catabolized, the nitrogens are converted to what for excretion? | urea |
| in the fed state, excess glucose can be stored in what two forms? | glycogen and triglycerides |
| in the starved state, can the body use fatty acids for gluconeogenesis? | no |
Created by:
mhassan
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