Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Fixative Ingredients
Characteristics of various fixative ingredients
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Ethanol, Methanol, Acetone (Reaction with Proteins) | Coagulant,Nonadditive |
| Acetic Acid (Reaction with Proteins) | nil but Baker classifies it as noncoagulant of nucleoproteins |
| Formaldehyde,Paraformaldehyde (Reaction with Proteins) | Noncoagulant, Additive |
| Glutaraldehyde (Reaction with Proteins) | Noncoagulant, Additive |
| Mercuric Chloride (Reaction with Proteins) | Coagulant, Additive |
| Potassium Dichromate w/ pH <3.5 (Reaction with Proteins) | Coagulant, Additive, acts like chromic acid |
| Potassium Dichromate w/ pH >3.5 (Reaction with Proteins) | Noncoagulant, Additive |
| Osmium Tetroxide (Reaction with Proteins) | Noncoagulant, Additive |
| Picric Acid (Reaction with Proteins) | Coagulant, Additive |
| Zinc Salts (Reaction with Proteins) | Coagulant, Additive |
| Ethanol, Methanol, Acetone (Reaction with nucleic acids) | nil |
| Acetic Acid (Reaction with nucleic acids) | Coagulant of nucleoprotein and DNA |
| Formaldehyde, Paraformaldehyde (Reaction with nucleic acids) | nil below 45 degrees celsius |
| Glutaraldehyde (Reaction with nucleic acids) | nil below 45 degrees celsius |
| Mercuric Chloride (Reaction with nucleic acids) | Coagulant |
| Potassium Dichromate w/ pH <3.5 (Reaction with nucleic acids) | Coagulant |
| Potassium Dichromate w/ pH >3.5 (Reaction with nucleic acids) | Dissolves DNA, precipitates(makes insoluble) nucleoprotein |
| Osmium Tetroxide (Reaction with nucleic acids) | Noncoagulant |
| Picric Acid (Reaction with nucleic acids) | Precipitates nucleoprotein, leaves DNA soluble and partly hydrolyzed. |
| Zinc Salts (Reaction with nucleic acids) | Unknown |
| Ethanol, Methanol, Acetone (Reaction with lipids) | Some extraction |
| Acetic Acid (Reaction with lipids) | nil |
| Formaldehyde, Paraformaldehyde (Reaction with lipids) | Preserves,but with gradual loss |
| Glutaraldehyde (Reaction with lipids) | Preserves, but with gradual loss |
| Mercuric Chloride (Reaction with lipids) | "unmasks" some lipids |
| Potassium Dichromate w/ pH <3.5 (Reaction with lipids) | Oxidizes unsaturated fatty acids |
| Potassium Dichromate w/ pH >3.5 (Reaction with lipids) | Attaches to some, makes the insoluble |
| Osmium Tetroxide (Reaction with lipids) | Reacts with and adds to double bond in lipids, makes them insoluble |
| Picric Acid (Reaction with lipids) | nil |
| Zinc Salts (Reaction with lipids) | Unknown |
| Ethanol, Methanol, Acetone (Reaction with Carbohydrates) | nil, glycogen is insoluble |
| Acetic Acid (Reaction with Carbohydrates) | nil |
| Formaldehyde, Paraformaldehyde (Reaction with Carbohydrates) | nil |
| Glutaraldehyde (Reaction with Carbohydrates) | nil |
| Mercuric Chloride (Reaction with Carbohydrates) | nil |
| Potassium Dichromate w/ pH <3.5 (Reaction with Carbohydrates) | Oxidizes to aldehydes |
| Potassium Dichromate w/ pH >3.5 (Reaction with Carbohydrates) | nil |
| Osmium Tetroxide (Reaction with Carbohydrates) | Uncertain |
| Picric Acid (Reaction with Carbohydrates) | nil |
| Zinc Salts (Reaction with Carbohydrates) | nil |
| Ethanol, Methanol, Acetone (Rate of Penetration) | Rapid |
| Acetic Acid (Rate of Penetration) | Rapid |
| Formaldehyde, Paraformaldehyde (Rate of Penetration) | Rapid, but slow cross-linking |
| Glutaraldehyde (Rate of Penetration) | Slow, but cross-links rapidly |
| Mercuric Chloride (Rate of Penetration) | Moderate |
| Potassium Dichromate w/ pH <3.5 (Rate of Penetration) | Slow |
| Potassium Dichromate w/ pH >3.5 (Rate of Penetration) | Fairly rapid |
| Osmium Tetroxide (Rate of Penetration) | Very slow |
| Picric Acid (Rate of Penetration) | Very slow |
| Zinc Salts (Rate of Penetration) | Slow |
| Ethanol, Methanol, Acetone (Enzyme Activity) | Preserves some if cold |
| Acetic Acid (Enzyme Activity) | Unknown |
| Formaldehyde, Paraformaldehyde (Enzyme Activity) | Preserves some if cold and brief |
| Glutaraldehyde (Enzyme Activity) | More inhibition than formaldehyde |
| Mercuric Chloride (Enzyme Activity) | Inhibits |
| Potassium Dichromate w/ pH <3.5 (Enzyme Activity) | Inhibits |
| Potassium Dichromate w/ pH >3.5 (Enzyme Activity) | Inhibits |
| Osmium Tetroxide (Enzyme Activity) | Inhibits |
| Picric Acid (Enzyme Activity) | Inhibits |
| Zinc Salts (Enzyme Activity) | Inhibits |
| Ethanol, Methanol, Acetone (Ultrastructural preservation) | Poor |
| Acetic Acid (Ultrastructural preservation) | Poor |
| Formaldehyde, Paraformaldehyde (Ultrastructural preservation) | Good with Millonig's or paraformaldehyde, usually postfixed with osmium |
| Glutaraldehyde (Ultrastructural preservation) | Excellent, usually postfixed with osmium |
| Mercuric Chloride (Ultrastructural preservation) | Organelles preserved |
| Potassium Dichromate w/ pH <3.5(Ultrastructural preservation) | Poor, causes considerable distortion |
| Potassium Dichromate w/ pH >3.5(Ultrastructural preservation) | Poor, causes some distortion |
| Osmium Tetroxide (Ultrastructural preservation) | Excellent |
| Picric Acid (Ultrastructural preservation) | Poor, causes distortion |
| Zinc Salts (Ultrastructural preservation) | Poor |
| Ethanol, Methanol, Acetone (Special Uses) | Used when urates are to be demonstrated, also good for glycogen, cytology fixative |
| Acetic Acid (Special Uses) | Used in mixtures for fixation and preservation of nucleoprotein |
| Formaldehyde, Paraformaldehyde (Special Uses) | Electron micorscopy (Millonig's and paraformaldehyde), some enzyme histochemistry |
| Glutaraldehyde (Special Uses) | Electron microscopy |
| Mercuric Chloride (Special Uses) | |
| Potassium Dichromate w/ pH <3.5(Special Uses) | |
| Potassium Dichromate w/ pH >3.5(Special Uses) | Preserves chromaffin granules (used in Orth solution for fixation of pheochromocytomas) |
| Osmium Tetroxide (Special Uses) | Primary use in electron microscopy, or for fat demonstration in paraffin sections |
| Picric Acid(Special Uses) | Mordant for trichrome procedures |
| Zinc Salts (Special Uses) | Preserves immunoreactivity, gives good morphological preservation |
| Ethanol, Methanol, Acetone (Special Comments) | Overhardens tissue, usually used alone |
| Acetic Acid(Special Comments) | Not used alone |
| Formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde (Special Comments) | Permits more special stains than any other fixative, frequently used alone |
| Glutaraldehyde (Special Comments) | May give false-positive Schiff reactions, usually used alone (see pg 14) |
| Mercuric Chloride(Special Comments) | Promotes staining, produces an artifactual pigment, not used alone |
| Potassium Dichromate w/ pH <3.5(Special Comments) | Can produce an artifactual pigment, not used alone |
| Potassium Dichromate w/ pH >3.5(Special Comments) | Can produce an artifactual pigment, not used alone |
| Osmium Tetroxide (Special Comments) | Penetrates only a few cell layers in depth, usually used alone |
| Picric Acid (Special Comments) | Should not be used with Feulgen reaction, not used alone (see pg 16) |
| Zinc Salts (Special Comments) | Can precipitate in the processor |
| Alcohols (C vs N) | Coagulant |
| Alcohols (A vs N) | Nonadditive |
| Formaldehyde, Paraformaldehye (C vs N) | Noncoagulant |
| Formaldehyde, Paraformaldehye (A vs N) | Additive |
Created by:
kmajor316
Popular Histology sets